All about tuning cars

Losiny Ostrov is a national park of the Moscow region. Elk Island National Park Elk Island Park where to walk

There is a national park in Moscow, which is located on Losiny Island. From him the green massif was named. The first mention of the park dates back to 1406. The green massif, located in the north-east of the capital, was a favorite territory for the royal falconry and chase hunting. Since then, Losiny Ostrov (park) has not lost its appeal. But now the territory is being used for other purposes.

History of the park

The Losiny Ostrov National Park begins its history from the 15th century, but acquired its status later. The green massif was first mentioned in written sources during the period when Moscow became the center of northeastern Russia. At that time, the island belonged to the Taininskaya volost, located along the current Yaroslavl highway. Ivan the Terrible was very fond of hunting in the park.

Later, a royal hunting farm was established on the island. The park began to be called the "Sovereign's Trap Route" and acquired the status of a reserve. As before, hunting was organized on this territory, often with foreign ambassadors. The name "Losiny Ostrov" appeared only in 1710. In the 18th century. it began to belong to the state department, and hunting in the territory was prohibited to everyone without exception.

With the emergence of St. Petersburg, attention to the park decreased significantly, and it began to overgrow with thickets, the trees were mercilessly cut down by the peasants for their own needs. In 1804 the position of the island changed. The protection of the forest was resumed again. In 1805, the island again received the status of a reserve.

In 1822 the territory was divided into 55 quarters with one boundary wall encircling their common borders. Organized forestry began only in 1842. Until 1912, audits of natural resources were carried out, and the island was divided into 4 parts: one operational and three reserved. Losiny Ostrov National Park was established in August 1983. It was based on the decree of the ministry. Since then, the area has been considered a very valuable natural monument.

Description of the park

Today "Losiny Ostrov" (Moscow) has an area of ​​over 116 square kilometers. The forest area occupies 80 percent of the territory. It is divided into three zones. The first is a protected part of the park, which is home to rare species of birds and animals. This part of the island is closed to the public and is heavily guarded.

The second zone is called educational and excursion. Tourist and ecological routes are laid through this territory, accompanied by professional guides. There are four visiting places in this part. The third area is called recreational. It is designed for mass recreation.

Location of the park

Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) originates from Sokolniki. It borders on cities:

  • Korolev;
  • Balashikha;
  • Mytischi;
  • Shchelkovo.

Losiny Ostrov Park is located on an area of ​​12,000 hectares, but outside the Moscow Ring Road there is only 2/3 of the forest. It is only eight kilometers from the southwestern border of the reserve to the Kremlin. The length of the park from south to north is 10 km, from east to west - 22 km.

Nature

Losiny Ostrov (park) is very beautiful. In the center of the territory there is a small swamp, from which the river begins. Yauza. And also in the reserve there are many more streams and reservoirs that form a large water network. Previously, there were over 100 kilometers of canals in the park. Most of them are now abandoned.

The largest canal is called Akulovsky and has been functioning until now. It appeared in the pre-war years and connects the Pekhorka and Yauza rivers with the Volga. Through the Akulov Canal, water flows to the Russian capital.

We should also pay special attention to the Alekseevskaya Grove, which for a long time also had the status of a reserve. This is a unique territory, which is 250 years old. There are many swamps in the park, and they occupy a fairly large area.

Vegetable world

"Losiny Ostrov" (park) has always, even in wartime, been under the close scrutiny of the country's leaders. Trees were constantly planted on the territory. Thanks to the work of many volunteer designers, the reserve has acquired a remarkable appearance, as evidenced by numerous reviews.

Now more than 800 species of various plants grow in the park: lichens, mushrooms, etc. Many plants are included in the Red Book of Russia. Pine mainly grows in the Alekseevskaya grove. The age-old lindens, taiga spruce and oak forests have miraculously survived. The grass cover is also diverse. Growing in the park:

  • forester;
  • lungwort;
  • wintergreen;
  • buttercup anemone;
  • double-leaf mine;
  • sedge;
  • Zelenchuk.

A lot of wild strawberries, blueberries and sour cherry grows in the park, which is popular with visitors. Since it abounds in swamps, there is also an abundance of lingonberries on the territory.

Animal world

The animals of the Losiny Island are also very diverse. There are over 280 species of birds and animals in the park. Among them:

  • 180 - birds;
  • 8 - amphibians;
  • 4 - reptiles;
  • 40 - mammals;
  • over 20 - freshwater fish.

"Losiny Ostrov" (park) got its name for a reason. Since the earliest times, many horned artiodactyls have lived on the territory. The number of elk has survived to this day. In the post-war period, sika deer also appeared in the reserve.

Wild boars began to breed, and now their population has increased significantly. The number of beavers has been fully restored. There are many fur animals in the reserve:

  • ermine;
  • squirrel;
  • black ferret;
  • marten;
  • mink.

Owls and bats reign in the park at night. Rodents get along well with animals, harmoniously complementing the reserve with their presence.

Biostation on Losiny Island

The biological station in the Losiny Ostrov park is located next to the huntsman site. This is the place where it is allowed not only to look at artiodactyls. You can iron and feed not only adults, but also cubs. Elks are calm about this. They are very cautious animals and in the wild always try to avoid meeting people.

At the biological station, artiodactyls are already accustomed to the presence of humans and willingly make contact. The staff of the reserve tell those who wish about the behavior of animals, their domestication and nutrition. There are separate individual excursions. In winter, you can even spot sika deer. A visit to the biological station is carried out by appointment.

How to get to the biostation?

It will take a long time to get to the biological station. There are many regular buses going from the VDNKh metro station towards the region. You need to take any of them and get to the first stop after the Moscow Ring Road. Exit before the turn towards the village of Druzhba. Then walk along the main road for another 40 minutes. The path will take approximately 4 kilometers and will pass through the village.

When the road runs into a forest, you must turn left. From there you will see a barrier with a checkpoint. Go straight all the time, turn left at the fork and get to the biological station, which is equipped with a gate.

Losiny Ostrov (park): how to get there?

This can be done in several ways. The entrance to the park is from the side of Prokhodchikov and Roterta streets. Nearby are the Babushkinskaya and Medvedkovo metro stations. You can quickly get to the park from the Elk railway platform.

Or you can take buses No. 136 and 172, which depart from the VDNKh metro station. Trams No. 29, 36 and 12 go to the other part of the park. They leave from the station. m. "Podbelskogo Street".

Every year Baikal becomes more and more attractive for various categories of visitors. Annually, in summer, the Zabaikalsky National Park is visited by about 10 thousand people (if you take into account the inhabitants of the Barguzinsky region, then more than 25 thousand people). In winter, up to 30 thousand people come mainly for amateur ice fishing - the famous Baikal omul. ...


Dozens of bears feast on the shores in summer and autumn. In winter, up to 700 Steller's sea eagles, white-tailed eagles and golden eagles gather near the lake. The reserve is home to the world's largest protected population of brown bears, with a population of about 1,000.

Attractions of Kamchatka


Gydan State Natural Reserve

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the Far North on the West Siberian Plain, in the lower reaches of the river. Ob, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea. It is issued to the north by the Gydansky and Yamal peninsulas. Far into the territory of the Okrug - up to 1000 km, the Kara Sea cuts in with its bays (lips).

Sights of the Yamalo-Nenets District


A pearl for impressions, peace of mind, beautiful stories and unthinkable adventures. A place where you can be an active traveler or a pilgrim looking for the meaning of being, while still in this life. Probably, it was Bezengi that were made by nature in order to show a person what his dream might look like ...


Kenozersky National Park!

Chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. v. Vershinino, XVIII century Amazingly beautiful chapel above the lake. The sky has survived ..


Crimea is one of the most popular tourist centers in the country. On its territory, under state protection there are about 3 thousand monuments of history, archeology and art. The museums store many valuable exhibits reflecting the history of the region from ancient times to the present day. Among them, the most famous are: local history museums in Alushta, Evpatoria, Simferopol, Feodosia, Yalta and other cities, famous palaces in Alupka, Livadia, Bakhchisarai, Massandra, an art gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky in Feodosia, art museums in Simferopol and Sevastopol, memorial - S.N. Sergeev-Tsensky (Alushta), A.S. Green (Feodosia), A.P. Chekhova (Yalta) and many others ..


Baikal

Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful and picturesque places not only in the Asian part of our country, and on the entire planet. This is the oldest lake (its age is about 25-35 million years), lying in a rift depression, located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia. It is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth; 22% of all fresh, clean and transparent water in the whole world and 85% of Russia are concentrated here. ...


Manpupuner plateau

Many Finno-Ugric peoples still have legends about giants who lived in ancient times! For example, the Mari have legends about Onars - great people created before the appearance of man, and then destroyed by the gods by the heat of the sun for incredible pride. The Onar hills are found throughout the Mari Territory, and in the Morkinsky region of the RME there is even a memorial stone Onar installed.

Man-Pupu-Ner has always been a sacred place for the Voguls, but its strength was somewhat negative. An ordinary person was categorically forbidden to climb the Manpupuner plateau, only shamans had access there to recharge their magical powers.


Chukotka Territory - Berengia

The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug occupies the Chukotka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland and a number of islands (Wrangel, Aion, Ratmanova, etc.). It is washed by the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas in the north and the Bering Sea in the east. The western part of the okrug is occupied by the mountain systems of the Oloisky ridge and Ush-Urekchen; in the central part - the Anyui ridge and the Anadyr plateau; in the east - the Chukotka Upland; to the south - the Anadyr lowland, in the southeast - the Koryak highland.


Russian Arctic National Park

This area is called the "Pearl of the Arctic". The total area of ​​the park is 14,260 square kilometers. These are 6,320 square kilometers of land and 7,940 square kilometers of Russia's territorial waters. More than 85 percent of the islands' surface is covered with ice of continental origin. On the territory of the Park, there are little-affected ecosystems, a rich in diversity of fauna. Narwhal and bowhead whale inhabit the Arctic waters throughout the year ....


Elk Island National Park

Losiny Ostrov is located in the northeast of Moscow and the Moscow region, starting from Sokolniki Park and continuing beyond the Moscow Ring Road to Mytishchi, Korolev, Shchelkovo and Balashikha, forming a kind of green wedge between Yaroslavskoye and Shchelkovskoye highways.
Slightly less than 1/3 of the park's territory is located within Moscow.
Initially, the park was a place for royal hunting, but now it has become a national park ....

Sights of Moscow region


Karelia is called an amazing land - the land of white nights, evergreen giant forests, harsh rocks, turbulent rapids and blue lakes. And there is an unusual, small in area, "patch", practically in the middle of the republic, which is rightfully called "Karelia in miniature". This place is one of the oldest protected areas in Russia - the Kivach reserve ...

About the park

Elk Island -one of the first national parks in Russia, founded on August 24, 1983.


National Park is a category of specially protected natural areas, designed at first glance to combine the incompatible - the preservation of natural and cultural landscapes, rare species and reference ecosystems with their use for recreational and educational purposes.

Losiny Ostrov is a mosaic of natural and human-transformed ecosystems, allowing species with very different life needs to exist on this essentially closed territory.

In recent decades, Losiny Ostrov has become an integral part of the recreational infrastructure of Moscow and its satellite cities. The attendance of the national park is very high: an average of 10 thousand people daily, up to 150 thousand people on "peak" days, in the amount of 3-5 million people a year. At the same time, for many residents of the areas bordering the park, the Losiny Ostrov forest is the only place for a good rest.


Total area 125 km²

The forest occupies 96.04 km² (83% of the territory), of which 30.77 km² (27%) are located within the city of Moscow. The rest is occupied by water bodies - 1.69 km² (2%) and swamp - 5.74 km² (5%).

Higher plants more than 800 species have been identified, including 80 species of trees and 76 species of shrubs.

  • lichens - at least 90 species;
  • mushrooms - 128 species;
  • algae - at least 150 species.

Animals:

  • mammals - 43 species;
  • birds - about 180 species;
  • reptiles - 5 species;
  • amphibians - 8 species.

The most valuable natural complexes:

  • spruce and linden old forests of the central part of the park;
  • Mytishchi Plavni with the largest gull colony in the Moscow region;
  • areas of sphagnum bogs, incl. small peat bog 11 thousand years old and 7.5 m deep;
  • damp meadows as a habitat for orchids;
  • fragments of indigenous floodplain black alder forests;
  • Alekseevskaya grove.

Photos


History of the park

For many centuries, the nature management regime has been limited on the territory of Losiny Ostrov. In the XVI-XVII centuries. here were the royal hunting grounds. At the beginning of the XIX century. Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha was taken under state protection as a "noble state property."

Already in 1912, a project for a national park in Losiny Ostrov was proposed, but the First World War prevented its creation.
In 1935 Losiny Ostrov became part of the Moscow forest-park protective belt.

Historically, the national park is an amazing combination of cultural landscapes that have preserved the features of different eras:

  • settlements of the Slavs-Vyatichi of the last centuries of the Slavic colonization of the basin of the river. Oki,
  • villages inhabited by tsarist "service people" in the 15th-16th centuries;
  • grand-ducal and royal hunting grounds;
  • the estate of A.D. Menshikov (his first land ownership);
  • the first Moscow "Ekaterininsky" water supply system;
  • the old forest of the Pogonno-Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha and the oldest forest cultures in the Moscow region are a living monument to forest scientists who were looking for the most perfect methods of forestry.

The first mentions of Losiny Island fall in 1406, when these lands were part of the Taininsky volost and princes and kings hunted them. In 1799, the territory of the national park was transferred to the state treasury and the first topographic survey was made.

Losiny Ostrov is the first national park in Russia.

Generally creating was discussed back in 1909, but then this issue could not be resolved. And in 1934 the territory of Losiny Island was included in the so-called "Moscow green belt". Played a very bad role in the history of the park Great Patriotic War 1941-1945... Huge areas of forests were cut down and used for the needs of the front, and in the post-war period, unauthorized seizures of land and grazing of livestock greatly damaged the environment.

In 1979, a natural park was created by the Council of People's Deputies on the territory of Losiny Island, and on August 24, 1983 it was transformed into Elk Island National Park- the first national park in Russia.

To date, Losiny Ostrov has been transferred to the jurisdiction of Mosleskhoz, which, due to a small budget, practically does not follow it. And this has a bad effect on the nature of the park - trees are sick, stray dogs are destroying wild animals, the number of fires has increased.

Uniqueness Elk Island National Park lies in the fact that it is the only park within a large metropolis in the world. where you can see wild animals and rare plants. For example, 10 km from the Kremlin you can see beavers, elks, birds of prey.

General information, climate and relief of the Losiny Ostrov National Park.

The park is a single territorial space with a total area of ​​116 km2, with forests occupying about 89%, reservoirs - 4% and swamps - 7%. According to its functions, Elk Island can be divided into three zones:
Specially guarded - 54 km2;
Sports and walking area - 31 km2;
Recreation area - 31 km2.

It is located on the border of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge and the Meshchera lowland. The terrain is mainly flat, Through the territory of the national park there are rivers Yauza and Pekhorka... Considerable damage was caused to the channels of these rivers in the 1960s, when the Akulovskaya hydroelectric power station was being built and peat was extracted from the swamps.

Climatic conditions are moderately continental in nature, which is typical for the region. The temperature in winter drops to -10.2 ° С. and in summer the air warms up to + 18 ° С. The average annual temperature is 3.8 ° C. The amount of precipitation that falls per year is different and ranges from 550-650 mm. Thanks to the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, the winds mainly blow from the northwest and southwest.

Vegetation of the Losiny Ostrov National Park.

As we already know, the flora of the national park is dominated by forests - about 89%. Moreover, the most widespread were coniferous forests - 38%, birch forests - 42% and broad-leaved forests a little more than 16% of the total area. Of the trees, the dominant position is occupied by pines, spruces, larch, birch, oak and linden.
On the Losiny Island herbaceous plants are widespread. For example, in pine forests, the common wolfberry, lily of the valley, peach-leaved bell and European swimsuit grow. In broad-leaved forests, you can see nettle-leaved bell, green-flowered and two-leaved, real nesting. In swamps and near water bodies, marsh dremlik, spotted fingercorns, two-horned kokushnik and Fuchs have become widespread.

Talking about the flora of the Losiny Ostrov National Park, one wonderful object cannot be ignored - Alekseevskaya grove... This grove is almost more than 250 years old and the protected regime is preserved here in order to protect the centuries-old pine tree from cutting down.

Though Elk Island and is located in the area of ​​human activity, plants that would be included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation have not yet been recorded.

Fauna of the Losiny Ostrov National Park.

At all times it was distinguished by a wide variety of fauna. The latest inventory of animals shows here about 39 species of mammals, 160 species of birds, 5 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians and about 15 species of fish.
Yauza river creates excellent conditions for the habitation of many wild animals. These places are well suited for mammals - sika deer, elk, wild boar, muskrat, mink, fox, white hare, squirrel. Of reptiles, snakes, lizards, spindles and vipers are well distributed, and of amphibians, newts, toads and frogs. There are wonderful places in the river floodplain for spawning of many fish - crucian carp, perch, pike, roach, burbot and bream.

After analyzing bird migrations, the staff identified about 100 bird species that nest on Losiny Island. Of nesting birds can be distinguished crested grebe, red-necked, black-necked and small toadstools, spinning top, bittern, gray heron, black stork, gogol, lapwing, blackie, small plover and snipe. Of the predatory The nesting birds are inhabited by the buzzard, wasp eater, marsh harrier, black kite, goshawk, hobby, common kestrel and red falcon.

The negative impact of humans has led to the disappearance of beavers, but over the past 10 years, their numbers have been restored.

Targets and goals.

The main areas of research are observation and collection of information on the state of forests, assessment of damage from human impact in recent years and the creation of forest edges along the Moscow Ring Road.

Losiny Ostrov is one of the first national parks in Russia (along with Sochinsky), located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region (Balashikha urban district, Korolev urban district, Shchelkovsky district and the Mytishchi urban settlement of the Mytishchi municipal district).

The largest forest area in Moscow and the largest among the forests located within the city limits (Moscow part of the forest).

The total area of ​​the national park in 2001 was 116.215 km². The forest occupies 96.04 km² (83% of the territory), of which 30.77 km² (27%) are located within the city of Moscow. The rest is occupied by water bodies - 1.69 km² (2%) and swamp - 5.74 km² (5%). An additional 66.45 km² is prepared for the expansion of the park.

The park is divided into three functional areas:

Specially protected area 53.94 km² (47%);

Walking and sports area, 31.30 km² (27%), open for limited visits on established routes;

Recreation area 29.81 km² (26%), open to the public.

It includes 6 forest parks: Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky (located within Moscow), as well as Mytishchinsky, Losinopogonny, Alekseevsky and Shchelkovsky near Moscow. Geographically, the park is located at the borders of the Meshchera lowland and the southern spurs of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, which is the watershed between the Moskva River and the Klyazma.

The terrain is a slightly hilly plain. The height above sea level ranges from 146 m (floodplain of the Yauza River) to 175 m. In the central part of the park, the relief is the flattest. The most picturesque is the southwestern part of the park, where the terraces above the Yauza floodplain have rather steep slopes.

On the territory of the park, the sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers. The natural channel of the Yauza was significantly destroyed during the extraction of peat in the 1950s - 1970s; the bed of Pekhorka changed a lot during the construction of the Akulovskaya hydroelectric power station. On the territory of Losiny Ostrov, several small rivers and streams flow into the Yauza, including Ichka and Budaika.

History of the park

Losiny Ostrov has been known since 1406 from the 15th to the 17th centuries. the lands were part of the Tainin palace volost, the lands of which since ancient times have served as hunting grounds for Russian princes and tsars. So, in 1564 Ivan IV hunted bears here.
In general, the reserve regime was preserved for Losiny Ostrov. In 1799, the forests were transferred to the Treasury Department and the first topographic survey was carried out; the forest is divided into quarters, the area of ​​each is equal to a square mile.
The first forestry was founded here in 1842, at the same time the first forest ordering was completed by the senior taxator Yegor Grimme and the junior taxator Nikolai Shelgunov. According to its results, the dominance of spruce (67%) was noted in the forest fund, which was subsequently replaced by pine and birch.

In 1844, forester Vasily Gershner initiated the creation of man-made forests in Losiny Ostrov. Active forestry work, mainly sowing and planting pine, has been carried out for 115 years. These plantings are still resistant to intense anthropogenic impact.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha (Pogonno-Losino-Ostrovskoye forestry) was organized, a period of systematic forestry began.

The idea of ​​creating a national park back in 1912 was put forward by the head of the forestry collegiate councilor Sergei Vasilyevich Dyakov. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer "green belt" around Moscow.

Alexey Savrasov. Elk Island in Sokolniki, 1869

Most of the forest was cut down during the Great Patriotic War. In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies, Losiny Ostrov was transformed into a natural park, and on August 24, 1983, by a decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.

In September 2006, Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov sent a letter to the Government of Russia asking to reduce the area of ​​the national park in Moscow by 150 hectares (it was planned to lay the route of the Fourth Transport Ring on this territory, as well as build a cottage settlement - "Posolsky Gorodok"). It was proposed to compensate these territories at the expense of the Gorensky forest park of the Balashikha special forestry enterprise (Moscow region). In January 2007, the Russian Government refused to change the boundaries of Losiny Ostrov to the Moscow mayor.

The new Forest Code of the Russian Federation in 2006 (adopted in January 2007) transferred the Forest Park protective belt of Moscow to a federal body - Mosleskhoz (a division of Rosleskhoz), which has a meager budget, while its officials are constantly caught selling timber for large bribes. Gradually, special forestry enterprises were liquidated, the staff of foresters was dismissed. All this had extremely negative consequences: in fact, no one is engaged in the forest, the trees are sick, the number of fires has greatly increased.

Park composition:

Alekseevsky forest park

Mytishchi forest park

Yauzsky forest park

Losinoostrovsky forest park

Losino-Pogonny forest park

Shchelkovo forest park.

Borders and illegal building

On December 14, 2009, at the request of the regional prosecutor's office, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region issued a decision to invalidate the general plan of the Balashikha urban district, where the boundaries of the Losiny Ostrov National Park were incorrectly displayed. The Federal Arbitration Court of the Moscow District upheld this decision.

The developed general plan of the Balashikha urban district, approved by the Council of Deputies and personally by the head of the urban district V.G.Samodelov in December 2005, contained inaccurate information about the borders of the National Park and partially provided for its development. The park boundary marked on the plan deviated from the established boundary in some areas up to 400 meters.

Thus, in violation of the current legislation, the document was not submitted to the Department of Rosprirodnadzor for the Central Federal District and was not approved and was adopted in violation of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas".
This law stipulates that the issues of socio-economic activities of economic entities, as well as development projects for settlements located in the territories of the respective national parks, and their protected zones are coordinated with the federal executive authorities.

“During the construction of a new microdistrict Shchitnikovo in August 2008, the developer“ Construction Firm Kifo-N ”arbitrarily fenced off a land plot located in the 49th quarter of the Alekseevsky forest park and carried out work on the arrangement of a foundation pit and a trench.
As a result, the soil was damaged on an area of ​​3,764 sq. meters and forest crops were destroyed on an area of ​​1 hectare. The damage amounted to over 62 million 792 thousand rubles, ”the Prosecutor General's Office stated.

On the fact of illegal felling of trees with unauthorized seizure of the territory, a criminal case was initiated, which is being investigated by the investigation department at the Internal Affairs Directorate for the Balashikha urban district.

Flora and fauna

The national park is located in the subzone of broadleaf-spruce forests of the Valdai-Onega sub-province of the North European taiga province of the Eurasian taiga region. Losiny Ostrov is home to over 500 species of vascular plants, including 32 arboreal and 37 shrub species.
Forest-forming tree species are birch (46% of the forested area), pine (22%), spruce (16%), linden (13%), oak (3%). The share of other breeds is insignificant. There are widely represented species of herbaceous plants classified as rare and subject to protection on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region (common wolfberry, lily of the valley, European swimsuit, peach bell, nettle bell, green-flowered lyubka, double-leaved lyubka, real nesting, etc.) in the near Moscow region, where the noble liverwort naturally grows.

The fauna numbers more than 230 species of vertebrates, including more than 160 species of birds, 38 species of mammals; 15 species are fish, 10 - amphibians and 5 - reptiles.
According to the staff of the service for the maintenance and improvement of the national park, at the beginning of 2013, 70 elks, 300 sika deer, 200 wild boars, 300 hares lived on the territory of Losiny Ostrov; There are also foxes, American minks, raccoon dogs, squirrels, hazel dormouse, beavers, muskrats, bank voles, forest mice, goshawks, white-tailed eagles and many others.

Extermination of fauna by stray dogs

At the beginning of the XXI century, wild fauna is being exterminated by flocks of stray dogs living in the park. According to the Izvestia newspaper, packs of 10-15 dogs in the park hunt young wild boars and deer, beating them away from their parents, ravaging ground bird nests, catching squirrels, ermines, ferrets and other animals.
The hunting service conducts a systematic shooting of stray dogs. According to the editor-in-chief of the Red Book of Moscow, Boris Samoilov, stray dogs have almost completely destroyed sika deer in the park.

The deputy director of the national park, Vladimir Sobolev, reported in 2009 that in the previous winter there were 5 incidents related to the death of animals as a result of attacks by packs of dogs: deer, elk and wild boar were killed.

According to the newspaper Moskovia, which refers to the staff of the national park, 17 Far Eastern deer were brought to the protected area of ​​Losiny Ostrov in the 1960s.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the herd numbered about 200 individuals. However, since 2005, employees began to find gnawed skeletons of deer, which were the victim of an attack by stray dogs. In only one winter of 2008-2009, 17 deer died as a result of an attack by dogs, which is about 10% of the herd, the newspaper claims.

Employee of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution. A. N. Severtsov RAS, ecologist Andrei Poyarkov expressed the opinion that the reasons for the decline in the population of wild animals lie in the human factor. In his opinion, information about the cruelty of stray animals is exaggerated: (inaccessible link)

“Stray dogs do not kill any fallow deer and sika deer. For 20 years now, deer have not appeared in the city. Until recently, they were fed near Abramtsevo, but then the animals were taken deeper into the region. The reason is the Moscow Ring Road and poachers. As for the fallow deer, the Muscovites themselves pitted them against the guard dogs. A stray dog ​​will not attack such large animals. "