What trucks Mariana Vpadina. Depth of the Mariana depression. The inhabitants of the Mariana depression. From movie reviews
Many know that the most high Point - This is (8848 m). If you are asked where is the deepest point of the ocean, what will you answer? Mariana Trench - This is the place where we want to tell you.
But before you want to notice that they do not cease to amaze us with their mysteries. The described place is also still not studied for quite objective reasons.
So, we offer you or, as it is also called, Marian's chute. Below are valuable photos with the mysterious inhabitants of this abyss.
It is located in the western part Pacific Ocean. Exactly this deep place In the world, from all those known today.
Having a V-shaped form, the catch runs along the Mariana Islands for 1500 km.
Mariana Wpadina on the map
Interesting the fact that Mariana Wpadina is at the junction: Pacific and Philippine.
Pressure at the bottom of the gutter reaches 108.6 MPa, which is almost 1072 above normal pressure.
Probably, now you understand that because of such conditions, it is extremely difficult to explore the mysterious bottom of the world, as it is also called this place. Nevertheless, the scientific community, since the late 19th century, does not cease step by step to study this riddle of nature.
Studies of Mariana Vpadina
In 1875, an attempt was made to globally explore the Mariana Wpadin. The English expedition "Challenger" carried out measurements and analysis of the chute. It was this group of scientists who set the primary mark of 8184 meters.
Of course, it was not a complete depth, since the possibilities of that time were significantly more modest than today's measuring systems.
Soviet scientists also made a huge contribution to research. The expedition led by the Research Ship "Vityaz" in 1957 began its own studies and revealed that there is a life at a depth of 7,000 meters.
Until this time, there was a persistent belief that life is simply impossible at such a depth.
We suggest you see a curious image Mariana Vpadina scale:
Immersion on the bottom of the Marianian depression
In 1960, he became one of the most fruitful, in terms of studying the Mariana Vpadin. Research Batiscip "Trieste" made a record immersion at a depth of 10915 meters.
That's where it began something mysterious and inexplicable. Special devices that record underwater sound began to transmit terrible noise to the surface, resembling the seelings in the metal.
Monitors registered mystical shadows, which in shape resemble fabulous dragons with several heads. For an hour, scientists tried to fix the data as much as possible, but then the situation began to go out from under control.
It was decided to immediately raise the Batiskof to the surface, as reasonable concerns appeared in the fact that if you've a little more, Batiscop will forever remain in the mysterious abyss of the Mariana depression.
For more than 8 hours, specialists have extracted unique equipment made from heavy-duty materials from the bottom.
Of course, all the devices, and Batiskof itself were carefully placed on a special platform for examining the surface.
What was the surprise of scientists when it turned out that almost all elements of a unique apparatus made from the most durable at that time were strongly deformed and fused.
The cable, a diameter of 20 cm, lowered the Batiskof to the bottom of the Mariana depression, was half a perevan. Who and why I tried to cut it - it remains a mystery so far.
Interesting the fact that only in 1996 the American newspaper New York Times published the details of this unique study.
Lizard from Mariana Vpadina
The German expedition "Haifish" also collided with the inexplicable secrets of the Mariana depression. Immersing research apparatus for the bottom, unexpected difficulties arose before scientists.
Being at a depth of 7 kilometers under water, they decided to raise equipment.
But the technique refused to obey. Then special infrared cameras were included to find out the cause of failures. However, what they saw on the monitors, they plunged them into an indescribable horror.
A fantastic giant sizes were visible on the screen, which tried to spray Batiskof, like a protein nut.
Being in a shock, hydrons activated the so-called electrical gun. Having received the most powerful discharge of the current, the lizard disappeared into the abyss.
What it was, the fantasy of the obsessed research work of scientists, mass hypnosis, nonsense tired of the colossal voltage of people or just someone's joke is unknown so far.
The deepest place of the Mariana depression
December 7, 2011, the researchers of the New Ghemphir University plunged a unique robot on the bottom of the studied chute.
Thanks to modern equipment, it was possible to register a depth of 10 994 m (+/- 40 m). This place was called by the name of the first expedition (1875), which we wrote above: " Besleless Challenger».
Residents of Mariana Vpadina
Of course, after these inexplicable and even mystical secrets, regular matters began to occur: what monsters live at the day of the Mariana Vpadina? After all, for a long time it was believed that below 6000 meters the existence of living beings in principle is impossible.
However, later studies of the Pacific Ocean in general, and the Mariana depression in particular confirmed the fact that at a depth of much greater, in the impenetrable darkness, under the monstrous pressure and water temperature close to 0 degrees lives a huge number of unprecedented creatures.
Undoubtedly, without modern techniques made of the most durable materials and equipped with unique cameras, such a study would be simply impossible.
Half-meter octopus mutant 
Half memeter monster 
As a generalized outcome, it is confident that at the bottom of the Mariana depression, between 6,000 and 11,000 meters under water, it was significantly discovered: worms (sizes up to 1.5 meters), crayfalls, a variety of, boilers, bucheloga, -mutants, mysterious, not identified Soft-fledged creatures of two-meter sizes, etc.
These inhabitants feed, basically bacteria and the so-called "pipe rain", that is, dead organisms, slowly immersed on the bottom.
Hardly someone doubts that Mariana Vpadina still keeps many. However, a person does not leave attempts to explore it. unique place planets.
Thus, the only people who dare to immerse themselves on the "bottom of the land" were the American Naval Specialist Don Walsh and the Swiss scientist Jacques Picar. At the same Batiscife of Trieste, they reached the bottom on January 23, 1960, dropping to a depth of 10915 meters.
However, on March 26, 2012, James Cameron, an American director, made a single immersion at the bottom of the deepest point of the world's ocean. Batiskof gathered all the desired samples and made a valuable photo and video shooting. Thus, now we know that only three people visited "the abyss of the Challenger."
Have they managed to answer at least half of the questions? Of course, no, as Mysterious and inexplicable things, Mariana Vpadina still hides much more.
By the way, James Cameron stated that after diving on the bottom, he felt completely cut off from the world of people. Moreover, he assured that there simpening no monsters at the bottom of the Mariana depression.
But here you can recall the primitive Soviet statement, after flying to space: "Gagarin in space flew - God did not see God." From this was given to the conclusion that God is not.
Also, here, we cannot clearly say that the giant lizard and other creatures that scientists have seen in the process of previous studies were a consequence of someone's patient fantasy.
It is important to understand that the studied geographical object has a length of more than 1000 kilometers. Therefore, potential monsters, the inhabitants of the Mariana depression, could well be for many hundred kilometers from the study.
Nevertheless, it is just a hypotheses.
Panorama of the Mariana Wpadin on Yandex Map
Another interesting fact can intrigue you. On April 1, 2012, Yandex published a comic panorama of the Mariana Vpadin. You can see the sunken ship, plums of water and even glowing eyes of a mysterious underwater monster.
Despite the humorous idea, this panorama is tied to a real place and is available for users so far.
To view it, copy this code to the browser address bar:
https://yandex.ua/maps/-/czx6401a.
The abyss can keep their secrets, and our civilization has not yet reached such a development to "hack" natural riddles. However, who knows, can one of the readers of this article in the future will be therefore a genius that will be able to solve this task?
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The most mysterious and inaccessible point of our planet - the Mariana depression is called the "fourth pole of the Earth." It is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and extends to a length of 2926 km, and in width - 80 km. At a distance of 320 km south of the island of Guam is the deepest point of Mariana Vpadina and the entire planet - 11022 meters. In these poorly studied depths, living beings are hidden, the appearance of which is just as followed as the conditions for their habitat.
Mariana Vpadina is called the "Fourth Pole of the Earth"
Mariana Wpadina, or Mariana Globrel - Oceanic Wpadina in the West of the Pacific Ocean, which is the deepest of those famous on Earth geographic objects. Studies of Mariana gutter, were put by the expedition ( december 1872 - May 1876) English vessel "Challenger" ( HMS Challenger.), conducted the first systemic precipitation of the Pacific Depths. This military three-wave corvette with sailing equipment was rebuilt into a oceanographic vessel for hydrological, geological, chemical, biological and meteorological works in 1872.
In 1960, a great event occurred in the history of the conquest of the World Ocean
Batiskaph "Trieste", piloted by the French explorer with Jacques Picar and Lieutenant US Navy Don Walche, reached the deepest point of the ocean bottom - the abyss of the Challenger, located in the Mariana Wpadine and named after the English vessel "Challenger", from which in 1951 the first data was obtained about her.
Batiskof "Trieste" before dipping, January 23, 1960
Immersion lasted 4 h 48 min and ended at 10911 m relative to the sea level. At this terrible depth, where the monstrous pressure of 108.6 MPa ( what is more than 1100 times the normal atmospheric) Finds all living things, the researchers made the most important oceanological discovery: they saw a two 30-centimeter fish, similar to Cambalu swim by the porthole. Prior to that it was believed that at depths exceeding 6000 m, no life exists.
Thus, an absolute record of dive depth was installed, to exceed which is impossible even theoretically. Picar and Walsh were the only people who were at the bottom of the challenger's abyss. All subsequent immerses to the deepest point of the world's ocean, with research objectives, have already made unmanned Batiskophy-robots. But there were not so much them, since the "visit" of the abyss of the Challenger is a matter and time consuming, and expensive.
One of the achievements of this immersion, which has been beneficial to the environmental future of the planet, has become a denial of nuclear powers from the burial of radioactive waste at the day of the Mariana depression. The fact is that Jacques Picar was experimentally denied the view that at that time is that at the depths of over 6000 m there are no upward movement of the aquatic masses.
In the 90s, three dives committed the Japanese Kaiko apparatus, which was controlled remotely from the "Maternal" vessel on a fiber optic cable. However, in 2003, in the study of another part of the ocean, towing steel cable was cut off during the storm, and the robot was lost. Underwater catamaran Nereus, became the third deep-water apparatus reached the bottom of the Mariana depression.
In 2009, humanity reached the very deep point of the world's ocean
On May 31, 2009, Humanity reached the very deep point of the quiet, and the entire world ocean - the American deep-water device Nereus fell into the failure of the Challenger at the Day of the Mariana Wpadin. The device took the soil samples and spent the underwater photo and video at the maximum depth, highlighted only by its LED spotlight. During the current immersion, Nereus devices have fixed a depth of 10,902 meters. The figure was 10,911 meters, and Picar with Walsh was measured at 10,912 meters. On the many Russian maps, the value of 11,022 meters received by the Soviet oceanographic vessel "Vityaz" during the 1957 expedition is still given. All this testifies to the inaccuracies of measurements, and not about the real change in depth: cross-calibration of the measuring equipment, given the above values, no one conducted.
The marine groove is formed by the borders of two tectonic plates: the colossal Pacific plate leaves for not so large philippine. This is an extremely high seismic activity zone, which is included in the so-called Pacific volcanic fire ring, stretching for 40 thousand km, an area with the most frequent eruptions and earthquakes. The deepest gutter point is the abyss of the Challenger, named after the English vessel.
Inexplicable and incomprehensible always attracted people, so scientists around the world want to answer the question: " What tait in their depths of Mariana Vpadina?»
Inexplicable and incomprehensible always attracted people
For a long time, oceanologists considered the madness of the hypothesis that at the depths of more than 6000 m in a impermeable darkness, under the monstrous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, life could exist. However, the results of studies of scientists in the Pacific Ocean showed that in these depths, much lower than 6000-meter marks, there are huge colonies of living organisms of poles, the type of marine invertebrate animals living in long chitinovy, open from both ends of the tubes.
IN lately The curtain of secrets was opened by manned and automatic, made of heavy-duty materials, underwater vehicles equipped with video cameras. As a result, a rich community of animals was opened, consisting of both known and less familiar marine groups.
Thus, at the depths of 6000 - 11,000 km found:
- Barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure);
- from the simplest - foraminifera (the detachment of the protozoa subclass of cunnoxes with a cytoplasmic body, dressed sink) and xenophyophores (borophical bacteria from the simplest);
- Of the multicellular - multi-singing worms, equal cancer, booplasts, wilderness, bivalve and burglary mollusks.
At depths there is no sunlight, there are no algae, salinity constant, temperature is low, abundance of carbon dioxide, huge hydrostatic pressure (increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters). What are the inhabitants of the abyss feed?
Studies have shown that in the depth of over 6000 meters there is life
Sources of food of deep animals - bacteria, as well as rain "corpses" and organic dedrites entering from above; depth animals or blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic; Many fish and cephalopod mollusks with photoflukers; Other forms have a body surface or its plots. Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible, as well as the conditions in which they live. Among them - the frightening type of worms with a length of 1.5 meters, without mouth and anus, octopus mutants, extraordinary starfishes and some mild creatures of the two-meter length, which have not yet been identified.
Despite the fact that scientists have made a huge step in the studies of the Mariana Wpadin, the questions did not decrease, new riddles appeared, which still have to solve. And the ocean abyss can keep their secrets. Will people succeed in the near future to reveal them? We will follow the news.
In our article we want to talk about the mysterious Mariana Wpadin. This is the deepest point on the ground surface. By and large, on this, our knowledge about this place ends. But the Mariana Wpadina, the monsters living in her, is eternal and assumptions. Her secrets are as deep as she herself.
The first mystery of the Mariana depression
One of the mysteries of the depression is its depth. Until recently, it was believed that Marian's chute, so more correctly called this place from a scientific point of view, has a depth of more than eleven kilometers. However, the latest modern technical measurements give a value - 10994 kilometers. Although, it is worth noting that this value is very relative, since the dive to the bottom of the Mariana depression is a technically very difficult event that has an impact of very many factors. Scientists talk about a possible error in forty-meters.
Where is Mariana Wpadina?
Marianic chute is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, near the shores of Guam and Micronesia. His deepest point is called the Abyss Challenger and is 340 kilometers from
Answering the question where Mariana Wpadina is located, you can give it accurate geographical coordinates - 11 ° 21 's. sh. 142 ° 12 'in. D. Such a title was due to the fact that there are part of such a state that are part of such a state as GUAM.
What is Mariana Vpadina?
What is Mariana Wpadina? The ocean thoroughly hides its true dimensions. About them you can only guess. This is not just a "very deep pit." The chute himself stretched over the seabed on one and a half thousand kilometers. Wpadina has a V-shaped form, that is, it is much wider on top, and the book is narrowing the walls.
The bottom of the Mariana depression is distinguished by a flat relief, and the width varies from 1 to 5 kilometers. Its upper part in the width is stretched to eighty kilometers.
This place is one of the most difficult to reach on our land.
Do I need to explore the depression?
It seems that life at such depths is simply impossible. Therefore, it makes no sense to study such a chance. However, the secrets of the Mariana Vpadina have always been interested in and manile researchers. It is difficult to believe, but space in our time is easier to explore than such depths. A lot of people visited the land outside, and only three brave travelers were immersed on the bottom of the gutter.
Study of gutter
The first to explore the Mariana Wpadin began the British. In 1872, the ship "Challenger" with scientists entered the water of the Pacific Ocean to study the gutter. It was found that this point is the deepest globe. Since then, people have not gave peace of the secrets and the creatures of the Mariana depression.
There was time, the studies were conducted, a new depth value was set - 10,863 meters.
Studies are carried out by lowering deep-water devices. Most often it is unmanned automatic devices. And in 1960, the Jacques Picar and Don Walsh and Don Walch came down at the Trieste Batiscife. In 2012, he ventured Jace Cameron on the Deepsea Challenger apparatus.
Russian researchers also engaged in the study of the Mariana Vpadin. In 1957, the vessel "Vityaz" went to the area of \u200b\u200bthe gutter. Researchers not only measured the depth of the gutter (11022 meters), but also discovered the presence of life at a depth of more than seven kilometers. This event made some coup in the world of the mid-twentieth century science. At that time it was believed that no living beings could not be at such depths. That's exactly where all the most interesting begins. How many stories and legends exist about this place - just not to consider. So what is really Mariana Wpadina? Monsters here really live or are it just fairy tales? Let's try to figure it out.
Mariana Wpadina: Monsters, Riddles, Secrets
As we have already mentioned earlier, the first brave crosses, descended to the bottom of the depressions, became Jacques Picar and Don Walsh. They descended on a heavy Batiscife called Trieste. The thickness of the wall walls was thirteen centimeters. She was immersed on the bottom for five hours. Having reached the deepest point, the researchers managed to be there only twelve minutes. Then the lift of Batiscopa immediately began, which took three hours. Whatever it seems to be an amazing phenomenon, but live organisms were found at the bottom. Fishes of the Mariana depression are flat creatures similar to Cambalu, no more than thirty centimeters long.
In 1995, the Japanese fell into the abyss. And in 2009 in the most deep point The miracle apparatus was lowered called Nereus. He not only made a number of photos, but also took the soil samples.
In 1996, New York Times published materials of the next immersion of the apparatus from the research vessel "Challenger". It turns out that when the technique began to omit, after some time the devices were fixed the strongest metal grinding. This fact was the reason for the immediate rise of technology to the surface. What researchers saw them stole them. The steel design was pretty, and the thick durable cable was as if fed. This is such an unexpected surprise presented Mariana Vpadina. The monsters did the technique or representatives of the alien reason, or mutating octopuses ... a variety of proposals were expressed, each of which was an incredible previous one. However, no one has found a true cause, because there was no evidence of any of theories. All assumptions were at the level of fantastic guessing. But the secrets of the Mariana depression so far and are not disclosed.
Another mysterious story
Another incredibly mysterious case occurred with the team of German researchers, which descended its device under the name "Haifish". At some point, the device stopped the dive, and the cameras installed on it gave the image of the huge sizes of the lizard, which actively tried to span the unknown thing. The team moved the monster from the device using an electric discharge. The creature was frightened and sailed and no longer appeared. It is a pity that such events were not fixed by the device to have irrefutable evidence.
After this incident, Mariana Wpadina began to grow all new facts, legends and speculation. The teams of the courts are also reported on the huge monster in these waters, which at high speed towards the courts. It became difficult to disassemble where the truth, and where is the speculation. Mariana Wpadina, whose monsters did not give rest to many people, still remains the most mysterious point of the planet.
Indirect facts
Along with the most incredible legends regarding the Mariana depression, there are quite concrete, but incredible facts. They do not have to doubt because they are confirmed by evidence.
In 1948, lobster catchers (Australian) have talked about a large transparent fish, which had a length of at least thirty meters. They saw her in the sea. Judging by their description, it looks like a very ancient sharp (view of Carcharodon Megalodon), which lived a few million years ago. Scientists for the remains managed to restore the appearance of the shark. The monstrous creation was 25 meters long and weighed a hundred tons. Her mouth was two meters the size, and each tooth was at least ten centimeters. Just imagine this monster. It was the teeth of such creatures that were found to oceanologists at the bottom of a huge Pacific. The youngest of them has an age of at least eleven thousand years.
This unique find makes it possible to assume that not all such creatures have died out a couple of millions of years ago. Perhaps at the bottom of the depression from human eye, these incredible predators are hidden. Research mysterious deep depths It continues to this day, because the abyss is in itself a lot of secrets, to the disclosure of which people are not approached.
At the bottom of the depression, living organisms are tremendous pressure. It would seem, in such conditions, nothing can exist. However, such an opinion is wrong. Here calmly live mollusks, their sinks do not suffer from pressure. They do not affect even hydrothermal sources that allocate methane and hydrogen. Incredible, but this is a fact!
Another riddle is a hydrothermal source called "Champagne". In its waters, bubbles of carbon dioxide burned. This is the only similar object in the world and is located in the depression, which gave reason to scientists to talk about the possible birth of life in the water in this place.
In the Mariana Wpadin there is a volcano daykoku. In its crater there is a lake from molten sulfur, which boils at a huge temperature of 187 degrees. Nowhere on earth will no longer meet this. The only analogue of such a phenomenon is in space (on the satellite of Jupiter called IO).
Amazing place
In the Mariana Wpadine, gigantic unicellular amids live, the sizes of which reach ten centimeters. They live next to the destructives for the living beings of Uranium, lead, mercury. However, they are not only not dying from them, but also feel great.
Mariana Wpadina is the biggest miracle on earth. It combines all non-living and living. All that kills life under normal conditions, at the bottom of the depression, on the contrary, gives forces to survive living organisms. Is this not a miracle? How much still unknown traveled this place!
Near eastern coast Filipino Islands is located underwater canyon. He is so deep that you can place in him Eversrest in it, and at the same time you will have about three kilometers. The impenetrable darkness reigns there and an incredible force of pressure is valid, so you can easily imagine the Mariana Wpadin as one of the most unfriendly places in the world. However, despite all this, life still continues to exist in some way - and not just to survive with difficulty, but actually flourish, thanks to which a full-fledged ecosystem appeared.
Life at such a depth is extremely difficult - eternal cold, impenetrable darkness and huge pressure will not let you calmly exist. Some creatures, such as, for example, a flier, create their own light to attract mining or partners. Others, such as hammer fish, developed huge eyes to catch so much light, reaching incredible depths, as possible. Other creatures are simply trying to hide from everyone and to achieve this, they become translucent or red (red absorbs the entire blue light, which can be made to the bottom of the depression).
Protection from the cold
It is also worth noting that all beings living at the day of the Mariana depression must be cope with cold and pressure. Protection from cold is provided by fats that form a membrane of body cells. If this process does not follow, then the membranes can crack and stop protecting the body. To deal with this, these creatures acquired an impressive reserve of unsaturated fats in the membranes. With the help of these fats, the membranes always remain in liquid state and do not crack. But is it enough to survive in one of the deepest places on the planet?
What is Mariana Vpadina?
Mariana Wpadina has the shape of the horseshoe, and its length is 2550 kilometers. It is located in the east of the Pacific Ocean, and its width is about 69 kilometers. The deepest point of the depression was discovered not far from the southern tip of the canyon in 1875 - the depth was 8184 meters there. Since then, a lot of time has passed, and with the help of echo sounder, more accurate data were obtained: it turns out that the deepest point has even greater depth, 10994 meters. She got the name "Depth of Challenger" in honor of the vessel, which produced the very first measurement.
Immersion of man
However, from the moment about 100 years have passed - and only then for the first time a person plunged into such a depth. In 1960, Jacques Pikar and Don Walche went to the Triesis Batiscife to conquer the depths of the Mariana Vpadin. Trieste used gasoline as fuel and iron structures as ballast. Batiskuphus took 4 hours and 47 minutes to reach a depth of 10916 meters. It was then that for the first time the fact was confirmed that at such a depth there is still life. Picar reported that he saw the "flat fish", although in fact it turned out that he noticed only the sea cucumber.
Who lives at the bottom of the ocean?
However, not only sea cucumbers are at the bottom of the depression. Together with them there are large unicellular organisms, known as foraminifers - they are giant amids that can grow up to 10 centimeters in length. Under normal conditions, these organisms create calcium carbonate shells, but at the day of the Mariana depression, where the pressure is a thousand times more than on the surface, calcium carbonate dissolves. This means that these organisms have to use proteins, organic polymers and sand to create shells. Also on the day of the Mariana depressure, shrimps and other crustaceans, known as booplasts live. The largest side of the side of the giant albinos is similar - they can be found at the depth of the challenger.
Food at Dn.
Given the fact that sunlight does not reach the bottom of the Mariana depression, the next question arises: what do these organisms eat? Bacteria managed to survive at such a depth due to the fact that they feed on methane and gray, which appear from the earth's crust, and some organisms are powered by these bacteria. But many rely on what is called "sea snow" - these are tiny pieces of daddy, which reach the bottom from the surface. One of the most vivid examples and richest sources of nutrition are masculine whales, which as a result are at the bottom of the ocean.
Fish in Wpadin
But what about fish? The deepe-water fish of the Mariana depression was discovered only in 2014 at a depth of 8143 meters. An unknown ghostly white subspecies of liparone with wide wonderland fins and tail as an eel was recorded several times with cameras that immersed in the depths of the depression. However, scientists believe that this depth is most likely the limit of where the fish can survive. This means that at the bottom of the Mariana depression there can be no fish, since the conditions there do not correspond to the structure of the body of the vertebral species.
Mariana Wpadina is the deepest place on our planet. I think almost everyone heard about her or studied at school, but I myself, for example, have long forgotten her depth, and the facts about how she was simply developed. So I decided to "refresh" my own and your memory
Title This absolute depth received thanks to Mariana Islands. All Wpadina stretched along the islands per one and a half thousand kilometers and has a characteristic V-shaped profile. In fact, it is an ordinary tectonic rift, a place where the Pacific stove enters the Philippine, just Mariana Trench - This is the deepest place of this kind) the slopes of its cool, on average about 7-9 °, and the bottom is flat, wide from 1 to 5 kilometers, and separated by thresholds into several closed areas. The pressure at the day of the Mariana depression reaches 108.6 MPa - this is more than 1100 times more than ordinary atmospheric pressure!
The first who dared to challenge the abyss were the British - the Military Three-Mail Corvette "Challenger" with sailing equipment was rebuilt into the oceanographic vessel for hydrological, geological, chemical, biological and meteorological works in 1872. But the first data on the depth of the Mariana Globra were obtained only in 1951 - according to the measurements, the depth of the depression was announced to be declared 10,863 m. After that, the deepest point of the Mariana depression began to call "Abyss Chalenger" (Challenger Deep). It is difficult to imagine that in the depths of Mariana, it will easily fit the most high mountain Our planet is Everest, and there will also be more than a kilometer of water over the surface ... Of course, it does not fit on the area, but exclusively in height, but the numbers still affect ...
The following researchers of the Mariana depression were already Soviet scientists - in 1957, during the 25th flight of the Soviet Research Ship "Vityaz", they not only announced maximum depth Equally equal to 11,022 meters, but also established the presence of life at depths of more than 7,000 meters, thereby refuting the appearance of the impossibility of life at the depths of more than 6000-7000 meters. In 1992, "Vityaz" was transferred to the newly formed Museum of the World Ocean. Two years, the vessel was repaired at the factory, and on July 12, 1994, a museum berth in the very center of Kaliningrad
On January 23, 1960, the first and only immersion of a person on the bottom of Mariana deep-water gutter was carried out. Thus, the only people who visited "at the bottom of the earth" were Lieutenant Navy USA Don Walsh and Researcher Jacques Picar
During the diving, they were protected by armored, thickness of 127 millimeters, the walls of the Batiscopa called "Trieste"
Batiskof was named after italian city Trieste, in which the main works on its creation were produced. According to the instruments on board "Trieste", Walsh and Pichari plunged into a depth of 11,521 meters, but later this figure was slightly corrected - 10,918 meters
The immersion took about five, and the rise - about three hours, at the bottom of the researchers stayed only 12 minutes. But this time was enough to make a sensational discovery - at the bottom they found flat fish in size up to 30 cm, similar to Cambalu !
Studies of 1995 have shown that the depth of the Mariana depression is about 10,920 m, and the Japanese probe "Kaik?", Lowned in the abyss of Challenger on March 24, 1997, recorded a depth of 10,911.4 meters. Below is a depression scheme - when clicking it will open in a new window in a normal amount
Mariana Vpadina frightened researchers mocking at her depths of monsters. The first time the expedition of the American Research Ship "Gombom Challenger" was faced with unknown. Some time after the start of the device, the device registering the sounds began to transfer to the surface of some metal grinding, resembling the sound of the sawn metal. At this time, there were some unclear shadows on the monitor, similar to gigantic fairy dragons with several heads and tails. An hour later, scientists were worried that the unique equipment made in the NASA laboratory from the beams of heavy-duty titanium-cobalt steel, having a spherical design, the so-called "Yozh" with a diameter of about 9 m, may remain in the abyss of the Mariana depression forever - so it was decided to immediately raise Apparatus on board the ship. "Herge" removed from the depths of more than eight hours and as soon as he appeared on the surface immediately put it on a special raft. The camera and echo sounder raised on the deck "Gombus Challenger". The researchers were horrified when they saw how deformed the strongest steel beams of the design were deformed, which concerns the steel 20-centimeter cable, on which he had lowered the "hedgehog", the scientists were not mistaken in the nature of sounds transmitted from the aqueous bunch of sounds - the cable was half a pilot. Who tried to leave the apparatus at a depth and why - so forever and will remain a mystery. Details of this incident were published in 1996 by the New York Times newspaper
Another encounter with an inexplicable in the depths of the Mariana depression happened to the German scientific research apparatus "Haifis" with the crew on board. At a depth of 7 km, the device unexpectedly stopped movement. To clarify the cause of malnutrition, the hydronauts were included in the infrared chamber ... What they saw in the next few seconds seemed to them by collective hallucination: a huge prehistoric lizard, drinking his teeth in Batiskof, tried to spoke him as a nut. Friendly from shock, the crew pulled the device, called the "electric gun", and a monster affected by a powerful discharge, disappeared into the abyss ...
On May 31, 2009, the Nereus automatic underwater apparatus was plunged into the bottom of the Mariana Wpadin. According to measurements, it dropped 10,902 meters below the world ocean level
At the bottom of Nereus removed the video, made some photos and even assembled samples of deposits at the bottom
Thanks to modern technologies, researchers managed to capture a few representatives Mariana VpadinaI suggest to meet them and you :)
So, now we know that different octopuses live in Mariana depths
Scary and not very scary fish)
And different other incomprehensible creatures :)
Perhaps not so much time left until the technologies allow all the diversity to get acquainted with the inhabitants Mariana Vpadina and other ocean depths, but while we have what we have