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History. Marble Palace (21 photos) Marble Hall of the Russian Museum

Marble Palace

The marble palace is the oldest building on the Marsfield, one of the most beautiful palaces of St. Petersburg, built in 1768-1772 in the place of the Petrovsky Postal Mazanko Yard on the project Antonio Rinaldi for Favorite Catherine II Count Gregory Orlova. Named "marble", because various marble grades were used in its internal and external decoration. For a long time, the Museum of V. I. Lenin was located in the palace (now the branch of the Russian Museum).

It would seem - a famous building with a famous history. When I offered Viktor Mikhailovich this topic, he doubted. But we still decided to take a chance. And it turned out that's what.

Antonio Rinaldi, the builder of the Marmara Palace, was born in 1709 near Naples. He studied from Luigi Vavititute, one of the largest architects late Italian baroque.

In 1752, Rinaldi arrives in Russia. Rather, in Malorosia - so they called Ukraine. He was invited by Cyril Razumovsky, the All-Fisher then Hetman Malorusia. He began hetman at 22, and at the age of 18 was appointed President of the Academy of Sciences. Everyone knew that such a high appointment was associated with the fact that his brother Alexei Razumovsky was the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and, by rumors, her morganotic husband. Razumovskiy from Ukraine took place, grave oxen as a child. Alexei had a wonderful voice, he was noticed, they took the singers in the capital - and there he drew attention to the empress. At one time Alexey Razumovsky - "Night Emperor of Russia", as he was called - was omnipotent. But I left a good memory about myself: I didn't lie to politics, I didn't do evil to anyone, I didn't suffer from anyone, they didn't suffer and, they say, until the death of the deathly, he kept in the cabinet in the office a shepherd scroll, in which once came to St. Petersburg. And the relatives did not forget. Cyril received a decent education and, becoming hetman, decided to make the city of Baturin the capital of Malorus. And what else: the palace, stone houses, the university ... and Antonio Rinaldi builds the Göttoman Palace in Baroque in Baturin. When in 1764, Catherine II cancels Hetmanity, Baturin remains in possession of reasonable. Later, Charles Cameron rebuilds the palace, taking into account Rinaldi plans.

Antonio Rinaldi

The first building of Antonio Rinaldi in the St. Petersburg province - Cathedral of St. Catherine in Yamburg (Kingisssepp). An elegant lightweight building resembles a cake with shot down cream and is still a symbol of this little city.

Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, Antonio Rinaldi called himself "architect of the Grand Princess". It is essential. After all, Officially, his customer was Peter III. Apparently, Rinaldi was a supporter of the future Empress Catherine II. Therefore, it is not surprising that when she climbed the throne, and Peter III died "from the attack of hemorrhoidal colic" in Ropsch, it was Rinaldi to become the leading architect of St. Petersburg. Oranienbaum - Catal Gorka, Chinese Palace. Gatchina is a big palace. Tsarist village - monuments of military glory. Prince-Vladimir Cathedral on Petrogradsky ... The name of Rinaldi is associated with the mansion of mattle on St. Isaac Square and - what is the most interesting - with home number 12 along the embankment of the car wash river. This is the last Pushkin address. Rinaldi himself this house, of course, did not build. But at the beginning of the XIX century, the old one else is Petrovsky, the unknown architect rebuilt. And he took the marble palace prototype, although, of course, the house number 12 on the embankment washing was not so luxurious. Some experts believe: "According to the total nature of the building, a significant similarity with the general architectonic building of the Marble Palace" is noticeable.

Marble Palace from the Palace Embankment. year 2014

And about Rinaldi, it is known that he was a romantic, a videos, an enthusiast of his case - for example, some special marbles for decoration in Italian quarries were self-width.

Alas, in 1784 an accident occurred: the architect fell from the forests when examining the Bolshoi Theater (on the place where the conservatory is now). He went to Rome, but until his death in 1794 received a pension, 1000 rubles. a year appointed by him Empress Catherine II.

But back to the marble palace. He was called the "gratitude house" - after all, the favorite of Catherine II Grigory Orlov was an active member of the coup of 1762, erected her to the throne. At one time I even walked rumors that Catherine was going to marry him. But she, apparently, prompted that the "Mrs. Orlov" could hardly remain an empress of the All-Russian.

Marble Palace by Neva

Rinaldiev's facades of the marble palace reached us almost unchanged. The main facade is East, the one that is now coming into the garden. It is noticeably the other. The garden initially extended to the Red Channel, connecting in the XVIII century a sink with a big Neva. (He passed along the western border of Marsov fields and was covered in the 1770s). Maneja buildings (A. Bryullov, 1840s) on the opposite side of the modern garden then did not exist. The northern facade is perceived through the Neva, so it is more discreet, without small details. The main "chip" here is a combination of marble and Nevsky water overflows. The sculptural decoration of the palace performed the wonderful master Fedot Shubin.

Manege built by A. Bryrylov, a service, a rather modest building. But on the sides of the garden he decorates the long bas-relief "The adoption of a horse in the service of man." It depicts 33 Konya - the largest tobun in the city! The author of the bas-relief is the incomparable Peter Klodt.

The service corpus of the marble palace and a fragment of the bas-relief P. Klodt. year 2013

I have already mentioned that Grigory Orlov did not have time to live in the palace. After his death, the palace was taken to the treasury. At one time, the exile lived in it - the King of Poland Stanislav-August is understood, sometime the favorite of Catherine (he was even considered the father of Paul's first). In the Marmara Palace, King Stanislav and died. He was buried in the church of St. Catherine in Nevsky (Joint Creation of Antonio Rinaldi and Jean-Batista Valen-Demoty), then in 1938, the king's dust transported to Poland and ran into the former target estate of understatement 35 km from Brest. Later, these lands joined Belarus, the grave of the king was plundered. Only in 1988, on the wave of restructuring, at the request of the Polish government, the Soviet archaeological expedition was looking for the searches for the burial of King Stanislav. Alas, a little preserved, and what has survived, it was transported to Poland and was stubborn, finally in the Church of St. John in Warsaw. And about the marble palace has long been told: "For one favorite, it is built, the other here died."

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich

The next owner of the palace, the second son of Paul I Grand Duke Konstantin, left a uncomfortable memory about himself. Man he was rude, hot-tempered, real soldier. His wife Anna Fedorovna, Duchess Saxen-Koburg's Duchess, hid in a huge vase, when Konstantin Pavlovich was entertained by shooting by idle charges of a cannon along the corridors of the palace. In the end, the poor Great Princess fled to the parents. The great prince and direct criminal persons also stained himself - he and his drinking companions were kidnapped and discounted some kind of Mr. Arazo, the mother of two children. "It was the most vile story that was overwhelming the beginning of the reign of Alexander." The unfortunate woman died, without preparing mocking and shame. Since Ms. Arauzo was a foreign subject, and not the powerless Russian, Emperor Alexander I commanded to pay it to relatives of 20 thousand rubles. And sent Bratz Konstantin away from Russia - the governor to Poland.

The Polish beauty of Jaette Bruzinskaya, who became a morganotic wife, who became a little quince, somewhat calmed the Grand Prince. Emperor Alexander suggested her Title Prince Lovich. Konstantin did not have legal children, and the marble palace moved to the Great Prince Konstantin Nikolaevich.

Konstantin Nikolayevich, the second son of Nicholas I, was preparing for the maritime tradition. He commanded the Fregat "Pallada" (later he made a world journey of gonchars). Founded the Russian Geographical Society, the "Marine Collection" - a magazine in which Goncharov, Stanyukovich and other famous writers were printed. Konstantin Nikolaevich seriously engaged in the affairs of the maritime department, and the Russian fleet is obliged to many princes. In family life, he was first very happy, married the beauty of the Duchess of Saxon-Altenburg, who took the name of Alexandra Josephovna during baptism. But then fell in love with the ballerina Anna Vasilyevna Kuznetsov, the side daughter of the great tragian Vasily Andreevich Karatygin.

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich

Many knew about the second family of the Grand Duke. Emperor Alexander III was negative about the behavior of the uncle, but, despite the refinement to Konstantin Nikolayevich, in 1883, in 1883, the patronymic "Konstantinovichi", the name "Knyazev" and the personal nobility, and in 1892, were heard. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich finished his life, which suffered a helpless old man. His unloved wife looked around for him.

The marble palace was inherited to the eldest son Konstantin Nikolayevich, too, Konstantin. Konstantin Konstantinovich entered the story of Russian literature as the poet Kr.

In those carefree years

we did not know everyday prose,

how good then

how fresh were roses.

Marble Palace

Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich

According to the warehouse of character, the tendency to mysticism and melancholy, of course, would prefer Konstantin Konstantinovich another life, far from Musters and shooting. But - Romanovs were supposed to serve the king and Fatherland primarily on a military field. It was not discussed. Therefore, I had to become the poet of the Kyrgyz Republic from the very birth, to become the chief of the 15th Tiflis Grenadier Regiment, the young men - to start a service in the maritime department, who led his father, the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, and in the future - to command the Transfiguration Regiment, to be a boss, then - General Inspector military-educational institutions. Of all the Romanovs, only the son of Konstantin Konstantinovich Oleg came to military service to the Higher Civil Education Institution - the Tsarskoyel Lyceum, and successfully graduated from him. By the way, Oleg Konstantinovich issued on his own expense of Pushkin's manuscript, he himself wrote poems (though, rather weak), - the word, tried to move away from the obligatory canons of the behavior of the Romanov family. At the beginning of World War I, Oleg Konstantinovich died at the front.

Konstantin Konstantinovich died in 1915. I did not see how the building of the Russian Empire collapsed, as the imperial family died. Konstantin Konstantinovich did not happen and find out that His sons John, Igor and Konstantin, together with the Grand Duke of Elizabeth, the Great Prince Sergey Mikhailovich and Prince Vladimir Paley, were alive with the mine near Alapaevsk. Of all the "Konstantinovichi" male can only be saved by Gabriel (literally broke out of the Lap of Chekists Ballerina Nesterovskaya, in which the prince of Gabriel married), and a fifteen-year-old Georgy.

And one more poetic page from the history of the Marmara Palace:

Wind, full of the Baltic Salt,

Ball blizzards on a Mars field,

And invisible ringing hooves ...

And immense in that anxiety

Who lives a little left

Who only asked God from God,

And who will be forgotten forever.

Anna Akhmatova.

"Poem without a hero"

In Manege, after the revolution of 1917, Assyrologist Vladimir Casimirovich Shileiko lived. In 1918, he married the poetess Anna Akhmatova, which was in love for a long time. By the way, and Schileiko himself wrote good poems:

In the fierce of Godina

Last sound of height,

Short song swan

You left one star.

Marriage quickly collapsed. Shileiko, according to the expression of Akhmatova, was a man "unsuitable for joint residence", but the unloading of a short life on the Marsfield remained in the "poem without a hero."

"The angle of Marsov fields. The house built at the beginning of the XIX century by the Adamint brothers. It will be direct hit by air bombs in 1942. High bonfire burns. Heard bells of the bell tongue from the rescue on the blood. On the field behind the blizzard of the Palace Bala. In the interval between these sounds, silence itself says. "

For a long time, the Museum V. I. Lenin was located in the Marmara Palace. They say it actually saved the palace from looting. Yes, and money for repair and restoration of such a museum, probably did not regret. Now this is the branch of the Russian Museum. And in the kindergarten in front of the palace for a long time there was a bronvine "Enemy of Capital", from which, allegedly, Lenin was performed. Mattering historians questioned the very fact of performance (few), the type of armored person (somewhat more) and whether it is a brotheriem in general or just similar (many). Now the armored person moved to the Museum on the profile - to the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Forces and Communications Troops. And his place is "temporarily" (there is nothing more constant than the temporary) took a monument to Alexander III of the sculptor Paolo Trubetsky. In 1899-1909, when Trubetskoy worked on the monument, a special workshop of glass and iron was built on Old Nevsky Prospect, near the Alexander Nevsky Lavra nearby. According to Grand Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, Trubetskaya created a caricature on his brother. However, the sculpture of Mary Fedorovna was a widden Empress, and her opinion was decisive.

... on horseback hard,

In the ground I rubbed, stop the hoofs,

In the dismissed, the excitement is inaccessible,

Real, squeezing ultrasound, standing.

So V. Ya. Bryusov expressed his impressions of the monument in the poem "Three idols".

Monument to Alexander III at the Marmara Palace. year 2013

The monument is not simple - he can personify the fortress of the mains, the inviolability of the laws, the hardness of the views - and stupidity, stubbornness, and to the personality of the Emperor Alexander III.

Spent a monument and numerous epigrams:

On the square of the chest,

On the chemicals dresser,

On the hippos of the climb,

On the conversion cap.

(On the conversion of the hat,

What a fool is this daddy?)

There is another epigram

Third wild toy

for Russian Hall:

There was a king bell, king gun,

and now the king is ...

(Rhyme substitute yourself).

In the revolution, Znamenskaya Square is the place of rallies. The monument, apparently, strongly irritated the protesters - then the red bow of the king trailers, then the poster will hang with the poems of Demyan poor:

Later, these "immortal lines" knocked on the pedestal of the monument.

In 1937, due to the reconstruction of the area of \u200b\u200bthe uprising and the laying of the tramways along the Nevsky Prospect, the monument was removed and transferred to the Russian Museum. He was stored in the courtyard of the museum and during the Great Patriotic War almost died. At the beginning of the war, the museum employees dug a deep hole, but could not omit it a heavy bronze sculpture. We had buckets and bags of sand with a barge standing on the sink. As a result, the statue was still covered with sand, she was covered with boards and top covered with logs. Nevertheless, a monument to Alexander III was the only sculpture in Leningrad, which received a direct hit of an artillery projectile. However, the shelter still endured.

Now Alexander III "registered" in the courtyard of the Marmara Palace. A high pedestal created by Fedor Shechor, unfortunately, is lost. There is a proposal: Return a monument to the square, and there is a stele ("terrible sleep of a parachutist", "the bayonet in the throat of Nevsky Prospekt") transfer to the area of \u200b\u200bcourage.

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Marble Palace The Marble Palace is the oldest building on the Marsfield, one of the most beautiful palaces of St. Petersburg, built in 1768-1772 years on the site of the Petrovsky Postal Mazanko Yard on the project Antonio Rinaldi for Favorite Catherine II Count Gregory Orlova.

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The gap of the marble palace lasted 17 years. The building harmoniously supplemented the ensemble of the Neva embankment. Granite and multicolored marble of various breeds have become the main materials of the construction and finishing of the premises. Stone originality of the structure over time was expressed in the name "Marble".

In a three-story building built from a motley stone, pilasters and columns alternately alternate with windows. The hour tower, attic, pilasters of the two upper floors of the palace are made of pink Tivy marble. The decor of the windows of the first and second floors is from the White Urals. From the Vyborg Pink Granite - Rapakivi - the base part of the building is performed with a rough structure. Copper frames of all floors are gilded. The appearance of the times of Catherine II was preserved in the interiors and decoration of the central hall. Ural marble gray-silver shade prevailed in the design of the front staircase. Steps - from Brusnenish sandstone color amulet. In niches - marble sculptures of the Fedot Schubin, embodying autumn and spring equinox, as well as the days of the day: Morning, day, evening, night.

The walls are placed on the walls: "Games of Amur" and four female figures on the sides, symbolizing the "spirituality of the Spirit", "Justice", "Prudence" and "moderation".

The marble hall almost completely retained the original stone finish. Its walls are divided by fourteen couples of vertical protrusions, on which oblong gutter with gilded capitals and grounds. On white-mounted wall garlands - eagles, symbolizing the first owner of the palace. Rounded marble bas-reliefs are placed in lines and are located on the walls of the hall. Elegantly complement the decor of the reliefs of the sculptor M. Kozlovsky - "The return of the regulance in Carthage" and "Camill delivers Rome."

In the bulkheads and above the crops are highlighted reliefs from white marble. Color variations of marble around panels are complemented by dazzling lazulites. Plafof S. Torelli "Wedding Amur and Psychia" decorates the upper part of the hall.

During the reconstruction of the intergenerational overlap of the second and third floors disassembled. The daylight began to penetrate the hall from the windows on both sides. The plander was raised to the height of the third floor and placed bronze chandeliers with a crystal. The decorated lepnel of the overlaps of the second floor remained since the rearrangement of the project A.P. Bryullov. Sculptures of knights and two-headed eagles were combined with national Russian motifs.

Received a thorough change - interior and architectural updates - a large white room. Arched openings and crusades are completely covered with ornaments flattened in the Gothic style. Installed columns from artificial white marble. Six high palladian windows appeared above the attached oak gallery. From the Hall of the Greek Gallery passes in the winter garden.

In the ornamental pushing of the White Hall, Bhorlylov managed to combine the Gothic and original Russian motifs. The architect managed to leave the outdoor part of the building in the style of mature classicism of the XVIII century and at the same time created interiors in the non-monantic style of those years.

The marble palace was built as the gift of Empress Catherine II one of the favorites - Gregory Orlov. But the graph died even before the end of the premises finishes and could not see the palace in complete glory.

Under the emperor Nicolae I, the building of the palace was in disrepair. Capital reconstruction was commissioned by the court architect A. Brylov. He not only restored the building, but also partially redoned it. Preserved mainly layout of premises and design of facades. The surviving finish, including door canvases and parquet, was dismantled. The interiors of the halls were decorated in different styles: classicism, rococo, gothic and late Renaissance.

At the time of possession of the Palace, the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich was created on the first floor there were several new premises: a musical living room in the Gothic style, a lower library, an English office. The Grand Duke, being a famous translator and the poet of the Silver Age, turned the palace to the center of cultural life of the capital. The intellectuals discussed the books of Russian and foreign authors, music evenings were held in the halls, the performances in which the princely couple with his children participated.

The greatest damage was made by the Marble Palace during the years of the exposition of the branch of the Museum of V.I. Lenin. Architect N.E. Lancer was preparing halls under the museum premises and largely retained the decorative decoration of historical interiors. But during operation, the architectural design of the second floor was most affected. Murals painted and artificial marble, broke unique fireplaces, destroyed finishing fabrics.

Since the transfer of a marble palace as a branch of the Russian Museum, a detailed restoration of interiors is being conducted, recreation of the initial layout and the appearance of the premises. The color variety of perfectly treated marble and the good location of the halls allow the palace to maintain the status of the most notable structure of the XVIII century.

Now there are permanent and temporary exhibitions of world artists. In the halls of the Museum of Ludwig in the Russian Museum, the pictures of modern artists brought by the Russian Museum of the German collectors Irena and Peter Ludwig are presented. In the middle of the second floor there are a large collection of Joseph's brothers and Yakov Rzhevsky.

Based on materials www.culture.ru.

The Marble Palace is one of the most interesting palaces of St. Petersburg. This architectural ensemble is entirely created from a natural stone. Facades and interiors are decorated and lined with various marble varieties. Hence the name happened.

History of the Marble Palace

The Marble Palace is one of the most beautiful buildings of St. Petersburg on the Palace Embankment

Gift Favorita

The palace was created by order of Catherine II for her favorite Gregory Orlova. The Empress presented a gorgeous gift as a sign of gratitude for active participation in the events of 1762, as a result of which she turned out to be a full lord of the throne.

Beloved Catherine did not go in debt, he gave her a huge persian Emerald.whose value was almost equal to the cost of the palace.

According to her command over the entrance to the palace, an inscription is made, addressed to Orlov, - "Thanks Building". The construction started in 1768 continued for so long, 17 years, that the Eagle Count died until the completion of the work was not having time to sing in it a housewarming.

Owners of the palace

In 1785, Catherine bought the palace at the heirs for 1.5 million rubles and soon presented him with his 16-year-old grandson Konstantin Pavlovich on the occasion of his marriage.

However, she soon had to deprive the heir of a gift for "unworthy behavior." A young prince, mocking over a 14-year-old wife, shot in the corridor from the cannon with live rats.

Then, in the marble palace, the son and grandson Nikolai I were alternately. So he became for many years. residence of one of the branches of the Romanov - Konstantinovich, although I was intended to Count Orlov.

During the First World War, the palace was used as a hospital for wounded officers. In Soviet times there was located the Russian Academy of History of Material Culture. At this time, many interiors were lost.

Later, the former grand residence turned into a museum of Lenin. Her inner yard was decorated with an armored car "Enemy of Capital", from which the leader of the revolution pronounced his fiery speeches.

Now at the place of the armored car, the equestrian statue of Alexander III was placed. Since 1994, the building of the Marmara Palace has passed on to the Russian Museum.

Architectural features

The marble palace occupies a whole quarter between the Neva River and Millionnaya Street, it seems that he has grown out of the granite of the Neva. The gray-pink granite and walls of the building echo with the color of the St. Petersburg sky. The building is rebuilt in the style of early classicism of the Russian architecture of the second half of the XVIII century.

The external structure of the palace

The palace has a complicated form. The main entrance is in the yard and facing the garden. Above the entrance: "Gratitude" building.

Eastern facade is crowned with an elegant clock tower decorated with marble vases. It has palace chimes. The facade is generously decorated with columns, pilasters - vertical protrusions in the wall.

Parties are located two marble allegorical statues "Generosity" and "loyalty" of the work of F.I. Schubin. The interiors of the palace decorate more than 40 works of this architect. The main yard from the south and from the Neva is limited to a wrought lattice placed on granite pillars with marble vases.

In 1780, in the eastern part of the site built Service casewhere there were stables, playpen, kasternye, hay sheds. On the ground floor there were kitchens, a boiler room, a church, a car for water supply to the front baths. On the second floor - bathroom, steam room, ballroom.

The western part intended for economic needs was closed by facial facades of buildings located on a million street.

On the fence connecting the service outbuilding with the palace, - embossed friezes "Horse Service Man".

Outdoor facades

The main artistic value of the palace is the outer facades, decorated with natural stone. The basement is lined with pink-red Tivyan granite, which is superbly combined with the granite embankment of the Neva. The two upper floors are decorated with light gray granite.

The thickness of the walls of the palace is 1.5-2th. Building height from 12 to 22 meters. Columns made from pink marble, rhythmically alternate with window openings. Windows platbands are made of gray Rusket marble. Between the windows of the second and third floors - relief Aerial White Grass Garlands.

In the architecture of the building, the baroque features are noticeable: an elegant sophisticated shape of a clock tower, a fancy roof circuit created by openwork vases, a complex configuration of the front staircase.

32 grades of marble used for finishing facades and interiors. The huge blocks of stone were delivered by the Neva of the quarries near Ladoga and Onega Lakes. White marble was taken from Italy.

The northern and southern facades addressed to the Navel embankment and Marso field are designed for perception from a long distance.

The fencing of the balconies is made of marble with gilded bronze balasins, low figured columns in the form of miniature columns. All over the perimeter of the facades - vases of gray dolomite, durable translucent stone with glass glitter.

Interiors of the Marble Palace

The interiors of the palace differ in the rich interior with the use of rare and expensive stone - agate. All this luxury is designed to emphasize the power and masculinity of its owner, Count Orlova.

According to Rinaldi, the art decoration of the interior should be a worthy continuation of the stone finishes of the facades. The architect preserved his idea when finishing the front staircase and halls of the palace.

On the second floor, the magnificent staircase, decorated with various varieties of color marble, leads to the second floor. Surprisingly picturesque her monolithic columns.

The front staircase is made according to the Rinaldi project from marble gray-silver shades.

The overlapping of the stairs is crowned with a plafof "Court of Paris". Numerous sculptures that decorate the stairs are created from the Italian marble architect F. Shubin specially for the marble palace.

Opposite the entrance on the wall - the marble relief with the portrait of Antonio Rinaldi. He appeared here at the request of Count Gregory Orlova as a sign of the recognition of the merit of the architect. Shortly before the completion of works, the architect was seriously injured by falling from the scaffolding. Without waiting for the end of construction, for this reason he left Russia to Italy.

The basis of the art decoration of the front staircase is a sculpture made of Italian marble and installed in special niches. The embossed composition on the walls of the third floor and the decorative overlap complements the unusual decoration of the front entrance.

The sculptures of the front staircase of the marble palace represent an allegorical ensemble. In the niches between the first and second floors, four marble statues are installed, personifying the time of day and symbolizing life stages of man.

  • Morning - man's childhood. This female figure in the form of the goddess of the morning Dawn Aurora. Her legs have a sunny disk, and his hands are chaging roses garlands.
  • Noon - human youth. Female figure with an arrow, symbol of sun rays. Sunclock show noon.
  • Evening - mature age. The female figure in the image of the goddess of the Hunt Diana, which in twilight goes on hunt, capturing onions and quamples with arrows.
  • Night is the old age of man. Women's figure with the Attribute of the night - owl.

In rectangular niches between the second and third floors, two statues:

  • Spring equinox - a female figure with a flower garland in his hands, her legs - a head of a ram, a zodiac sign of the Aries, in which the sun comes after the day of the spring equinox.
  • Autumnal equinox - a male figure with a bunch of ripe grapes in hand.

On the walls of the third floor - embossed images of four major virtues:

  • Moderation.
  • Prudence.
  • Justice.
  • Strength of mind.

On the western wall - the composition "The game of Amur", which is crowned with a rich clock cloudy.

All over the stairs are the sculptures of the nymph. All the symbols of the front staircase glorified the military valor, the hardness of the spirit and the feats of Gregory Orlov.

Marble Palace Hall

The marble hall of the palace is unique. Decorating the hall, the architect used various varieties of Russian and Italian marbles, in a variety of combining them.

Walls are lined with Ural, Karelian, Greek, Italian marble. In the decoration of the main premises of the palace, the architect used a rare diverse stone - lapis.

The ceiling supports supports in the form of thin columns passing into fan vaults. On the sides of the doorway, two marble columns were installed, on which the figures of Russian Vityazy are placed.

On the eastern side of the hall, the sculptor depicted two-headed Orlov. On the perimeter of the walls - 14 round bas-reliefs on the topic "Sacrifice".

Window frames and balcony doors are made of gilded bronze. Door canvases and stunning floor facing from a set of parquet with a complex pattern create a unique atmosphere, characterizing the delicate taste of architects and sculptors.

The hall is decorated with gilded bronze chandeliers with a crystal dress. Two marble fireplates with mirrors in gold carved frames emphasize the generosity of the empress, the palace was built by whose commandment.

Winter Garden

Nearby - a winter garden arranged on the terrace of the second and third floors. His decorative arches are based on cast iron columns and semi-colonges.

The metal ceiling is decorated with caissons, elegant geometric deepening through its entire surface.

On the east side - balcony with elegant wristband. In the middle of the garden on the mosaic stone floor, a marble fountain with three bowls is towers.

A large three-range glass door opens the entrance to the flower garden, in which the marble fireplace with a mirror harmoniously fits into the flower sea.

Halls of the Marmara Palace

Marble used at the design of other halls of the palace.

  • The white hall looks rich and sophisticated, decorated with slender white columns.
  • The varnished hall is separated by a tree, the walls are decorated with panels with pictures of Alexander the Great Patches. Velvet walls crowned the monogram of the Empress. Before her magnificent portrait - pedestal with a vase decorated with military trophy.
  • Oryol and Catherine's halls glorify the activity, symbolize the valor and luxury of the empress and its favorite. The perfect white bas-relief of the Russian sculptor M. Kozlovsky, glorifying the debt, loyalty to Fatherland, self-sacrifice and generosity of the commander.
  • The Chinese room is very beautiful and fashionable. During important techniques performed the function of the parade dining room.
  • Picture gallery represents 206 masterpieces of painting.

Modern condition

Since 1994, art exhibitions, meetings, concerts regularly undergo the palace. Open here permanent expositions:

  • Russian art in the context of world art.
  • Foreign artists in Russia 18-19 centuries.
  • Museum of Ludwig in the Russian Museum.
  • Collection of St. Petersburg Collectors Brothers Rzhevsky
  • Konstantin Romanov - the poet of the Silver Century.

Exhibitions of modern Russian and foreign artists are also held regularly. Spouses Peter and Irene Ludwig were submitted to the Museum of the works of Russian and foreign artists of the 20th century from their assembly.

In 1998, the Russian Museum was transferred to St. Petersburian collectors Rzhevsky brothers, who had stored works of Russian painting for half a century. Among them are Aivazovsky, Clover, Dubovsky, Mashkov, Konchalovsky, Kustodiev.

Especially rare part of the collection - camine watches, outdoor and roads, made by different watchmasters of 18-19 centuries. All hours with unique watch mechanisms, with battle, perform several melodies, with an interesting decorative decoration of the dial and body.

Most of the collection represents graphics, sculpture, furniture, lighting, artistic bronze. In 2015, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative coin with a face value of 25 rubles dedicated to the Marble Palace.

Among the many architectural and historical monuments of the world there are special, incarnate a whole layer of architectural directions, the names and fate of the famous personalities of the past centuries. A vivid example of this can serve as a marble palace in St. Petersburg - a colossal majestic structure, a real "marble fairy tale." Now it is one of the famous tourist objects of Northern Venice, striking the gradation of the size, splendor and virtuosity of decoration. The richest history of the palace associated with the royal dynasty of Romanovs cannot not worry and interest the people of the 21st century.

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Cabinet arrangement

In the design of the cabinet interior is mainly used natural wood and leather. Walls decorated with highly artistic canvases and portraits are saved by gold-plated leather wallpaper illustrated by the royal coat of arms. The ceiling is covered with a red tree, furniture made of different types of wood, oak parquet ripples floors. The prince's chair, based on the front "legs" in the form of gold-plated swans with raised wings - a special raboration of the office.

Other rooms of apartments

In the interiors of other rooms is also present in the tree design. The musical "Gothic" living room, decorated unusually picturesque in the Gothic-style wooden openwork panels at the bottom and gown ornament with a gold-plated ornament. An elegant layout of the Gothic temple, installed on the panel, decorates one of the walls of the living room. Black lacquered piano of old work symbolizes the purpose of the room.

Owners

The replacement of the owners of the marble palace, dictated by time and circumstances, can be built into a symbolic row.

The first owner of the Palace is the closest favorite of Ekaterina. Orlov, an adjutant general and owner of many other ranks and ranks became the owner of the palace, without surviving the official opening of 2 years (died in 1783).

  • The second owner - grandson Catherine Konstantin Pavlovich was the owner of the palace until 1831. Moreover, in 1797-98, the building was given under the residence of the last Polish king S. A. Konacovsky, who died suddenly in 1798).
  • The third owner is another grandson of Empress Konstantin Nikolayevich granted a palace in 1832, when he was 5 years old. Until the majority of Prince in the building lived a numerous court jelly. Becoming the Prince's wife, the owner of the palace along with him was the great princess of Alexander Iosifovna, a bright outstanding personality of his time. During the life of K. N. (1827-92), the palace was called Konstantinovsky.
  • The fourth owner was the following grandson of Catherine I - Crown Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich, who won the building until 1915, making a peculiar temple of art. In magnificent halls, dramatic performances were arranged, the musical concerts of great musicians and composers were held, creative meetings of writers and poets were organized.

Exhibitions and exposition

In Soviet times, a branch of the Central Museum of the Marmara Palace was organized by the branch of the Central Museum of V. I., which was the first example of using the architectural monument in the new capacity corresponding to the requests of society. The work on the reconstruction of the premises was led by architect N. Lancere, and the museum was discovered in the sadly memorable for the country - 1937. The museum's expositions acquainted in detail visitors with the life and revolutionary activities of the leader of the proletariat.

Modern Concept - Propaganda Art

Today, the most beautiful building of the Northern Capital, transmitted by the Russian Museum - the Center for the Demonstration of the works of "Russian art in combination with world trends. Here, through permanent and temporary expositions and exhibitions, the objects of painting, sculptures and other genres are widely represented. A variety of thematic exposures are regularly organized:

  • Collection of Rzhevian brothers (masterpieces of graphics, painting, sculptures, applied art items - just 503 copies).
  • Konstantin Romanov - the poet of the Silver Age (in the authentic setting of his office and the music lounge).
  • Museum of Ludwig (works of German classical art 19-21 c).
  • Dialogue of German sculptors E. Barlach and K. Collees with Russian contemporaries (220 works of modernists and works of Russian masters).

In addition, temporary exhibitions are constantly conducted, demonstrating world art.

Legends and Traditions

Like all significant architectural monuments, the history of the Marmara Palace is surrounded by myths. One of the legends is that when booking the foundation in it, a box was unimpressed, to the top of the royal coins. Although there are no accurate information about it, but rumors about the mysterious box continue to live. There is a legend about why the Empress took the Palace presented by Konstantin Palace. Allegedly for the fact that he, being a 16-year-old, shot from a cannon with alive rats, scaring his young wife. One of the legends tells about the secret door, through which Catherine penetrated a date with Orlov, when the palace was erected.