Thesis: Development of a tourist and excursion route "Penza Radishchevo". Development of the route excursion Development and creation of tourist excursion route

The excursion route is the most convenient way to follow the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is constructed depending on the most correct sequence of inspection of objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of excursants. One of the tasks of the route is to promote the most complete disclosure of the topic.
The main requirements that should be taken into account by the route is an organization of displaying objects in a logical sequence and providing a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion facilities there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and subject chronological.
An example of chronological construction of a route can serve as excursions dedicated to the life and activities of outstanding people.
On the thematic principle, excursions were built associated with the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is built", "literary Moscow region", etc.)
All urban sightseeing tours are built on the subject-chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material with the chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when the disclosure of each substitutes.
Development of a route excursion - A complex multi-stage procedure that requires highly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology of creating a new excursion. When developing a bus route, "road rules", "charter of road transport", "Rules for transporting passengers" and other departmental regulations.
Objects depending on their role in the excursion can be used as basic and additional.
The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, they are revealed by the explosions.
The display of additional objects is usually carried out when moving (transitions) of the excursion group and it does not occupy a dominant position.
The route is based on the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned with the following requirements:
- the list of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, not allowing unnecessary repeated travels to the same area of \u200b\u200bthe route (streets, square, bridge, highway), that is, the so-called "loops";
- availability of an object (platform for its inspection)
- Moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes so that there are no too long pauses in the show and stories;
- availability of well-maintained stops, including sanitary and parking spaces of vehicles.

It is recommended for the time of the excursion to have several variants of the group's movement. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by transport "traffic jams", repair work on urban highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.
The development of the bus route is completed by the coordination and approval of the passport and the route scheme, calculating the kilometer and the time of use of vehicles.

A trades (bypass) of the route is one of the important stages of developing a new excursion theme. When organizing a trace (bypass) of the route, tasks are set:
1) familiarize yourself with the planning of the route, streets, squares for which the route runs out;
2) clarify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the intended stop of the excursion bus or the pedestrian group;
3) to master the entrance by bus to objects or places of parking;
4) to conduct a timing of the time required to display objects, their verbal characteristics and movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion as a whole;
5) Check the expediency of using the intended display objects;
6) Select the best points to display objects and the location of the excursion group;
7) Select a methodology for familiarizing the object;
8) For the purpose of safety of tourists, to identify potentially dangerous places along the route and take action.

Creating a new excursion for any topic is a complex process that requires the active participation of a whole team of workers. The content of a future excursion, its cognitive value is directly dependent on the knowledge of methodists and guides, their competence, the degree of practical assimilation of them the foundations of pedagogy and psychology, the ability to choose the most effective ways and techniques for the audience.

Excursion is the result of two essential processes: its preparation and conduct. They are interconnected. It is impossible to ensure the high quality of the excursion with ill-conceived training.

In the preparation of a new excursion, two main directions can be distinguished:

 Development of a new topic of excursion (new in general or new only for this excursion institution);

 Preparation of a beginner or already working guide to holding a new one for him, but an excursion previously developed and conducted in this institution.

The first direction is the process of creating a new tour of the excursion.

The preparation of a new excursion is entrusted to the creative group.It includes from 3 to 7 people, and in some cases more, depending on the complexity of the topic. For the most part, this is working in the institution guides. Often, specialists from various industries are invited as consultants - scientific workers of museums, teachers of universities and secondary schools and so on.

Typically, each of the participants in the creative group entrusts the development of one of the sections, one of the subtopics or one or a few of the questions of the bottom. In order to control the work, the head of the creative group is chosen.

Preparation of a new excursion takes three main steps:

 Preliminary work- selection of materials for the future excursion, their study (i.e., the process of accumulation of knowledge on this topic, determining the purpose and tasks of the excursion). At the same time, the selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.

 Direct development of the tour itself includes: drawing up a sightseeing route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several major issues; Writing a control text; work on the method of holding an excursion; the choice of the most effective methodological techniques of showing and the story during the tour; preparation of the methodological development of a new excursion; Writing by excursions of individual texts.

 Final step- Reception (protection) Excursions on the route. Approval of a new excursion by the head of the excursion institution, admission of excursions that defended their topic, to work on the route.

In the simplest form of the scheme of all excursions, regardless of the topic, species and form of the same one: introduction,main part,conclusion.

IntroductionAs a rule, consists of two parts:

 organizational (familiarity with the excursion group and instructing excursions about safety rules in way and behavior on the route);

 information (brief message about the topic, length and duration of the route, the time of departure and arrival back, sanitary stops and the end of the excursion).

Main partit is built on specific excursion facilities, the combination of display and the story. Its content consists of several sub-reference, which must be disclosed at the facilities and are combined with the topic. The number of a tour of the excursion is usually from 5 to 12. At the same time, it is important to create an excursion to the selection of objects in such a way that there are only those objects that help to reveal the content of the tour of the tour, and in a certain dosage in time and depending on the significance of one or another subtophy In this excursion.

Conclusion, like entry, is not associated with excursion facilities. It should occupy 5-7 minutes and consist of two parts. First- The result of the main content of the excursion, the conclusion on the topic that implements the purpose of the excursion. Second- Information about other excursions that can expand and deepen this topic. The conclusion is just as important as the entry, and the main part.

It is very important that the excursion is interesting enough. But it is equally important that it is not overwhelmed by the flow of unnecessary tourists of the information so that the method of filing the material was not tedious, but would help the best perception of its one or another category of sightseers. In this regard, the topics of the excursion should certainly be oriented to a certain category of excursions (adults or children, young people, urban or rural residents, employees of humanitarian professions, foreigners, etc.). This account is called differentiated approach to excursion maintenance. It must take into account not only interests, but also the goals of consumers. If the excursion is provided, for example, in the framework of the folklore tour, the main emphasis in the story and the show should be done on history, monuments, national characteristics of the region. If the excursion enters the program of the business tour, then attention should be paid to the show of various business and public centers, etc. When organizing sightseeing services, as part of the resort rest, excursion walks with the observation of natural landscapes, monuments, objects are attractive.

In the process of preparing a new excursion, a number of basic stages are available, which are located in a certain order. Consider them in the sequence that has developed in the practice of the excursion institution.

For the first time, the concept of "tours of training" was introduced into use in 1976. Then fifteen stages were named:

1. Definition of the purpose and tasks of the excursion.

2. Select the topic.

3. Selection of literature and bibliography.

4. Determination of sources of sightseeing material. Acquaintance with the expositions and foundations of museums on the topic.

5. Selection and study of excursion facilities.

6. Mapping the route. Excursions.

7. Trading or bypass route.

8. Preparation of the testing of the excursion.

9. Creation of a "guide portfolio".

10. Determination of guided taking methods.

11. Determination of excursion techniques.

12. Drawing up methodological development.

13. Drawing up individual texts.

14. Reception (delivery) excursion.

15. Approval of the excursion.

Definition of the purpose and tasks of the excursion

Work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its goal. It helps the authors of the excursion more organized work in the future. The purpose of the excursion is that the sake of what the historians of history and culture monuments and other objects are shown. The story of the guide is subordinated to the same ultimate goal. We will call several goals: upbringing patriotism, love and respect for homeland, socially useful work, to other peoples; Aesthetic education, as well as expansion of the horizons, obtaining additional knowledge in various fields of science and culture, etc. The tasks of the excursion are to achieve goals by disclosing its topic.

Select the topic

Select the topicdepends on the potential demand, a specific order or targeted creation of a certain topic of excursions. Each excursion should have its own well-defined topic.

The theme is a rod that combines all objects and belts of the excursion to a single integer. Selection of objects When creating an excursion, the participants of the creative group lead, constantly checking their materials with the theme. However, little to select the object on the topic, it is necessary to find a specific material on which this topic will be disclosed with the greatest completeness and persuasive. Grouping topics underlies the existing excursion classification.

Literature selection and bibliography

During the development of a new excursion, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines that reveal the subject are drawn up. The appointment of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, assist guesses to the use of the necessary actual and theoretical material in the preparation of the text. The list of literature is multiplied in several copies for convenience in the group's work and those guides that will prepare for excursions in this topic in the future. The list is called the author, name, year of publication, as well as chapters, sections, pages. With a large number of literary sources, the list can be divided into two parts: "Basic Literature" and "Additional Literature".

Determination of other sources of sightseeing material

In addition to publications in print, other sources can be used. The authors of the excursion make up their list, which includes state archives, museums, chronically documentary and popular science movies, where materials on the topic of excursion are contained. As a source, memories of participants and eyewitnesses of historical events can be used. However, when using memoir materials, caution should be exercised to avoid inaccuracies and tendency. Only reliable, carefully proven facts and information should be selected for the story. Significant assistance in the search and systematization of the material of excursions can be provided by computer encyclopedias, including multimedia databases on laser disks (CD-ROM).

Drawing up a route excursions

The route excursions is The most convenient way to follow the excursion group contributing to the disclosure of the topic.It is constructed depending on the most correct sequence of object inspection sequence, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of excursants. One of the tasks of the route is to promote the most complete disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that should be taken into account by the route compilers are the organization of displaying objects in the logical sequence and ensuring the visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion facilities there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and tematic-chronological.

An example of chronological construction of a route can serve as excursions dedicated to the life and activities of outstanding people.

On the thematic principle, excursions were built related to the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the city (on-an example, "Arkhangelsk is built", "literary Moscow region" and others).

All overview urban excursions are built on the subject-chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when the disclosure of each subpathy is disclosed.

The development of the route is a complex multi-stage procedure, requiring a sufficiently high qualification and is one of the main elements of technology for creating a new excursion. When developing a bus route, "road rules", "charter of road transport", "Rules for transporting passengers" and other departmental regulations.

Objects depending on their role in the excursion can be used as maintenanceand additional.

The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, which are revealed by the explosions.

The show of additional objects is usually carried out when moving (transitions) of the excursion group and it does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is based on the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned with the following requirements:

- display objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, preventing unnecessary repeated travels to the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), i.e. the so-called "loops";

- availability of an object (platform for its inspection);

- Moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes so that there are no too long pauses in the show and the story;

- availability of well-maintained stops, including sanitary and parking spaces of vehicles.

It is recommended for the time of the excursion to have several variants of the group's movement. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by transport "traffic jams", repair work on urban highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

The development of the bus route is completed by the coordination and approval of the passport and the route scheme, calculating the kilometer and the time of use of vehicles.

Travel (bypass) route

Travel (bypass) routeit is one of the important stages of developing a new sightseeing topic. When organizing a trace (bypass) of the route, tasks are set: 1) familiarize themselves with the planning of the route, streets, squares for which the route is laid; 2) clarify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the intended stop of the excursion bus or the pedestrian group; 3) to master the entrance by bus to objects or parking places; 4) to conduct a timing of the time required to display objects, their verbal characteristics and movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion as a whole; 5) Check the expediency of using the intended display objects; 6) Select the best points to display objects and the location of the excursion group; 7) Select a methodology for familiarizing the object; 8) For the purpose of safety of tourists, to identify potentially dangerous places along the route and take action.

Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all sub-an excursion. The text is designed to provide the thematic direction of the story of the guide, it is formulated a certain point of view on the facts and events, which are devoted to the excursion, is given an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Text Requirements: Brief, clarity of the wording, the required amount of actual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that every guide should build your story, taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).

Control text in most cases contains a chronological statement of the material. This text does not reflect the structures of the excursion and is not built in the route sequence, with the distribution of the outlined material on stops, where excursion objects analysis occurs. The control text is carefully selected and verified by the sources of the material that is the basis for all excursions held on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds its own individual text.

Based on the control text, options for excursions on the same topic, including children and adults, for various groups of workers can be created.

In order to facilitate the work on the creation of such options in the control text, materials related to objects, submers and main issues that are not included in the route of this excursion can be included.

In addition to the materials for the story of the guide in the control text include materials that should compile the content of the introductory word and the conclusion of excursions, as well as logical transitions. It should be convenient for use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by references to sources.

Accommodation "Tour Pest"

The "guide portfolio" is the conditional name of the kit of visual benefits used during the tour. These manuals are usually placed in a folder or a small portfolio.

One of the tasks of the "guide portfolio" is to restore the missing links when showing.In excursions, it is often that not all objects needed to disclose the theme are preserved. For example, excursions cannot see a historic building destroyed from time; The village, destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes there is a need to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe original form of the place where the inspected building was built (residential microdistrict). For this purpose, for example, photos of the village or wasteland, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, residential array are used. There may also be a task to show that there will be a place in the near future. In this case, the excursors demonstrate projects of buildings, structures, monuments.

In excursions it is necessary to show photos of people who relate to this object or events related to it (for example, portraits of family members Wulf - Friends A. S. Pushkin - when conducting an excursion to the "Pushkin Ring of Upper Sollar").

A more convincing excursion makes a demonstration of copies of genuine documents, manuscripts, literary works that the guide says.

And one more important task of visual guides on excursions - give a visual idea of \u200b\u200bthe object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photos, layouts, dules).

In the "guide portfolio" includes photos, geographical maps, schemes, drawings, drawings, product samples, etc. Such "portfolios" are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant satellite guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more fascinating and helpful. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of excursion.

Visual manuals of the guide portfolio must be convenient for use. The amount should not be great, since in this case the benefits will be distracted by tourists from inspection of genuine objects, dispel their attention.

Participants of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, are selected from the most expressive, capable of helping the topics of the topic available at their disposal of visual materials. The technique of demonstration of visual manuals is checked on the route. Then recommendations on the use of materials of the "portfolio" include in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is applied with explanations or reference material. Sometimes the explanations are glued on the reverse side of the exhibit. Such abstract serves as the initial material for the guide when the exhibit is displayed by sightseers.

A list of visual materials of a particular topic included in the "Guide portfolio" must be refined throughout the development of a new excursion theme.

Museums, exhibitions, archives have great help in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio".

Determination of guided methods

The success of the excursion is directly dependent on the methodological methods of showing and the story used in it. The choice of one or another methodological method is dictated by the tasks set before the excursion, information saturation of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selectionmost effective methodical techniquesto illuminate the bottom, methodological techniques, which are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), time excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features of the show; definitions of attention preservationexcursions and activation of the process of perception of sightseeing material; develop recommendationson the use of expressive means in speech guide; selection of the rules of technologyconducting excursions. It is equally important to determine the technology of using methodological techniques.

Definition of Excursion Engineering

Excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. The authors of the bus excursion, for example, thoroughly thinkable when and where the sights go to inspect the object, how the excursions are moved between objects, as and when the exhibits of the guide portfolio are demonstrated, etc. The relevant records are made in the Count of Methodical Development . These instructions are addressed to the bus driver. For example, in what place to put a bus where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions relate to excursions (compliance with safety rules on the street, exit from the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of pauses in the excursion; on observance of the time settled on the lighting subpathy, the organization of answers to the questions of excursions; On the technique of using the portfolio exhibits; On the procedure for laying wreaths, etc. No less important indications of a guide when displaying objects, manual independent work of excursants on the route, hold a story when moving the bus.

Drawing up methodical development

Methodical development is a document that determines how to carry out this excursion how it is better to organize the show of monuments, which methodology and the conducting techniques should be applied to ensure that the excursion has passed effectively. Methodical development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects shown and the content of the outlined material. It disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: to suggest a guide to the way to disclose the topic; arm the most effective methodological techniques of showing and stories; contain clear recommendations on the organization of excursion; take into account the interests of a specific group of excursions (in the presence of excursion options); Connect the show and the story into a single whole.

Methodical development is drawn up on each topic of excursions, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and excursion. In the variants of methodical development, the age, professional and other interests of the excursors are reflected, the features of the methodology for its conduct.

The design of methodological development occurs as follows:

- On the title page there are data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the tour, type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of tourists, surnames and positions of compilers, the date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion.

- The next page sets out the purpose and tasks of the excursion, the route scheme with an indication of objects and stops during an excursion.

Methodical development consists of three sections: entry, main part and imprisonment. Entry and conclusion are not broadening in graphs. Here, for example, what recommendations are looking for a guide on building an entry into the methodological development of an excursion to the topic - "Tyumen - Gate to Siberia": "First of all, you need to get acquainted with the group, name the names of the guide and the driver, then remind the tours of the behavior on the bus, warning them What to ask questions and share your impressions they will be able when the time will be presented for this. In the information part it is necessary to name the topic, the route, the duration of the excursion, but it is desirable to do so to cause interest in the topic; Attract the attention of sightseers, i.e., this part of the entry should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by A. S. Pushkin or quote - the statement of the Decembrists about the irrelevant wealth of Siberia, the big future of this harsh edge. " The landing site of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the start of the excursion is determined by methodical development.

The effectiveness of methodical development depends on the proper filling of all seven graph. Development size - 6-12 pages of typewritten text. The volume of the document depends on the number of sightseeing objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the tours of the time and length of the route.

In the column "Route Excursions"it is called the start point of the excursion and the ending art.

In the column "stop"they are called the route points where the output is provided; It is assumed to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without exiting sightseers or a stop at a pedestrian tour is envisaged. No such inaccurate records should be done, such as: "The Embankment of the Volga River" or "Central Square". It is more correct to write: "The Embankment of the Volga River near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov."

In the "display objects" columnlist those memorable places, basic and additional objects that show the group at the stop, during the crossing or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a country excursion, the objects of the show can be in general the city, the village, the village of urban type, and during the passage along the route - they published visible parts (high building, tower, bell tower, etc.). In urban excursion, there may be a street or square.

Graph "Duration of the excursion".The time called in this graph is the sum of time that is spent on displaying this object, the story of the guide (the part when there is no show) and the movement of excursors along the route to the next stop. Here it is also necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near the inspected objects and between objects.

Graph "Name Substitute and List of Main Questions"contains brief records. First of all, it is called a substitute, which is revealed on this segment of the route, in this period of time, on the objects listed in column 3. Here formulates the main questions set by the disclosure of the bottom. For example, in the urban sightseeing tour in Poltava, one of the subtopics is called "Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden". The main issues that are covered in this subtertainment are "Swedes in Ukraine" and "Poltava Battle". In the bottom of the "New Old Town", the main questions are revealed: "Housing construction in the city", "Development of culture and art", "Construction of a sports complex". The number of key issues included in the subitution should not exceed five.

In the column "Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of excursants on the route and performing sanitary and hygienic requirements, the rules for the behavior of participants in the memorial places and at historical and cultural monuments. Here are the requirements for excursors for the protection of nature and the rules of fire safety. This graph includes all issues that are included in the concept of a "excursion technique". Let us give an example of recording: "The group is located in such a way that all the excursions have seen the entrance to the building." "At this time, excursors are given time for photographing." In country excursions, this graph includes indications of sanitary stops, recommendations on nature protection, the rules for the movement of excursants at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting production excursions, visiting working workshops provides recommendations on safety, excerpts from the instructions of the enterprise administration, the obligatory rules for the behavior of excursants in the enterprise are called places where pauses are made in the story and show.

Count "Guidelines"determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic guidance requirements on the method of conducting an excursion, are given instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion "Memorial complex" Khatyn "on the" Line of the Defense Line of the 100th Rifle Division ", two methodological instructions are given:" When disclosing a submit, a verbal comparison is used, a certificate of the military potential of fascist Germany is given by the time of its attack on the USSR and "The story about the fights is carried out using the methodological technique of visual reconstruction of the place where the fighting was passed."

You should specify where and how methodological techniques are applied. This column also sets out a logical transition to the next subtertainment, provides recommendations for the display of materials of the guide portfolio, tips on the use of motion of sightsets relative to objects as a methodological reception (for example, The object "," The guide should explain the terms ... "," When the battlefield is displayed, you need to orient tourists ... "etc.).

Drawing up individual text

Excursion practice comes from the fact that the basis of the story of the guide is individual textwhich determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build your story. Such text every guide is independently. The basis for individual text is the control text.

All individual texts in the presence of a good control text will be identical content, but various speech revolutions, different words, different sequences in the story, can even be different facts confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who develop a new excursion for themselves, as a creative group of the most trained guides, and preparing a newly prepared guide, and who prepares a new guide for himself, will not be able to achieve the fact that before it was made by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide over the new theme will be completed (collection, learning and primary processing of the material), it is allowed to familiarize themselves with the control text. This will help him to select the material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used when illuminated by subtop, make the right conclusions on the subtopics of the excursion and the whole. Appeal to the control text made on time guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner to the excursion.

The main difference of individual text from the control is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full compliance with the methodical development of the excursion. The material is placed in the sequence in which objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtop. Compiled in accordance with these requirements, individual text is ready for "use" the story. Individual text contains a complete presentation of what should be told on the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations, assessing their meaning.

Mention of facts without their dating, references to sources is not allowed. At the same time, the text of this species reflects the features of the speech of the performer. The story of the guide consists of some of the individual parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each substitute and logical transitions between the submers (and objects). In the individual text, each substitute is a separate story suitable for use during the tour.

By drawing up individual text, its author should not be forgotten about the logic of sounding speech, that the word and the image (object) operate, as a rule, the feeling of sightseers is synchronously. The desire for the liveliness of the filing of material on the excursion should not lead to attempts to entertain excursants. When solving the issue of combining on the excursion elements of cognitive and entertainment, it should be solved by the formula: the maximum of cognitive and minimum entertainment. A special place in the preparation of the excursion has the question of legends. On excursions, only legends can be used.

By its content both text (control and individual) coincide. And this means that if there is a correctly composed control text, all guides who have mastered this topic, excursions are "standard". They are the same in their content, coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that are made on separate subtoptems and on the topic as a whole.

Conducting the analysis of the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a reference.

However, with an equal content of guides can use different speech revolutions, they can state the recommended facts, numbers and examples in other sequences. The individuality of the excursion consists in the fact that the excursions leading the excursion to one topic may be different degree of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use various display techniques and forms of the story. The same position can be disclosed on different examples. Text should be written on the first person and express your individuality.

Story and individual text

The success of the story depends on how the individual text is close to the generally accepted speech, as it takes into account the speech features of that particular guide to which this text belongs. "The degree of impact on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, the novelty of the theme and information, the psychological installation of the author to the impact or its absence, etc.)." However, there is no smaller role in speech, its properties, structure, features.

For individual texts, almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarity in the content and presentation of the material, in assessing historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all guides are individual. What is the expression of the guide of the guide? All guides, conducting excursions on one topic, tell the same thing, but they say in different ways. Their stories on the content of the same, and in the form, the use of the vocabulary, the emotional level is varied.

The technique requires from a guide so that it may remember the essential difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide in the preparation of individual text.

During the excursion, the guarantees "hurry" the objects that must be shown to the group. Two or three hours, allocated on a tour, staying tourists on the legs and outdoors forcing the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, compressed to talk about the events related to them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time which monument is able to attach the attention of excursions. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not respected, then no stories liveliness, no methodical techniques are able to restore the attention of excursants. It is not by chance that the term is used in the methodical literature. "Object language". One of the tasks of the guide is to make the "speak" the object.

Individual text use

The guide as well as the lecturer can use its individual text during an excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended to postpone the content of the story for special cards, where brief data on the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, historical dates are recorded. For each substitute, several cards are filled (usually in terms of the number of main questions).

Using cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only looking in them, recalls the content of the story. If a significant break between the objects appears in the excursion, the guide can once again see the cards, refresh the story of the story. Most often, the card as the abstract story is used when preparing for an excursion. Exceptions are those cards on which quotes and large excerpts from artistic works are listed, the content of which is the basis for the reception of the literary installation. On the excursions, they read completely.

Card must be convenient for use. It is recommended a small size, about a quarter of a sheet of tight papers suitable for long-term use. Cards have sequence numbers and add up before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtop.

The use of cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience they disappear in this. The fact that cards are at hand and can be at the right moment are used, gives the guide confidence in your knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that it should all be evaporated by heart and coming to the word touches to the word.

Logic transitions

Before the creators of the excursion there is a task to associate the content of all subtime in a single whole. It is solved with logic transitionsTo be treated as an important, although not having an independent value, part of the excursion. Well-compiled logic transitions give excursions slimness, ensure the sequence in the presentation of the material, are a guarantee that the next subfathe will be perceived with interest.

Often in excursions when moving from one bottom to the other use Formal(constructive) transitions. The formal is called such a transition that is not associated with the content of the excursion and is not a "transitional bridge" from one part of the excursion to the other. (For example, "Now pass through the area", "Now we will follow the next", "Let's examine another remarkable place"). However, however, deny the legitimacy of the use of such transitions in general and consider them one of the errors in excursion work.

In cases where the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (for example, "now look here" or "I ask you to pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when examining the expositions in museums and at exhibitions, where rooms, thematic sections and individual stands dedicated to various subtophes are located near each other. A constructive transition, without being a "transitional bridge" between the submersions, aims to familiarize themselves with the next object.

More effective logical transition linked to the topic of excursion.Such a transition can begin until the group moves to the next stop or may end up at stopping near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much with the features of the excursion object, how much the content of the most excursion, the sub-one, after which this transition is made.

The duration of the logical transition is usually equal to the time to move (transition) of the group from the object to the object, but it can be more and less.

Reception (delivery) excursion

With a positive assessment of the control text and the methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a completed "guide portfolio" and the route card schemes are assigned a reception date (delivery) of a new excursion. The passing of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. In case of its absence by illness or for other valid reasons, the excursion gives one of the members of the creative group. In the reception (surrender) excursions take part leaders of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodical section, where the excursion was preparing, as well as the leaders of other sections.

The reception (delivery) of the excursion is of business, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identifying shortcomings. Participants in the reception of excursions must be previously familiarized with its control text and methodological development, the route scheme, the content of the guide portfolio, the list of references, etc.

Approval of excursion

With a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of the calculation of the cost and definition of the profit of the new excursion, the head of the excursion institution is published an order for approving a new excursion topics and a list of guides made to its conduct.

Tours are allowed to actively participate in the development of the topic and listened on the route or during the interview. Conclusion on the interview makes the methodologist of the excursion and methodical department.

All other guides, in the future we have prepared this topic, spend a trial excursion as usual. Guides (regardless of the experience of the work) to the tour of the new topic for them are allowed only if they have individual textafter listening and publishing an appropriate order.

Development of excursion routes of the literary subject of the Vladimir region

Introduction

The emergence and development of excursion work as an independent form of activity refer to the last decades of the XIX ― the beginning of the XX centuries., Although the origins of the excursion work were formed much earlier.
Excursion work arose as an independent profession in XVIII -Xix explosive Under the influence of the development of transport, the resort industry and the hotel business, primarily in Western Europe and in Russia. It was fashion for traveling in the XIX century, which for the privileged layers of society has acquired a massive character, dictated the emergence of a new profession ― « guide "and" Tour translator ".
Activation of sightseeing activities in the XIX century. It was associated with the emergence of a number of organizations practicing excursion campaigns. The development of excursion activities was accompanied by the discovery of historical, cultural and natural monuments, ensembles, museums, as well as various exhibitions. This was facilitated by the initiative activity of scientific societies.

Distribution of excursions, mountain aspirations, hiking and cycling, the desire of the Russian intelligentsia to use travel, movement and cognitive excursions to enlighten the people created prerequisites for the unification of tourism and excursions in various specialized organizations.

In the XX century Together with the development of museum and resort business, the work of excursions acquired a fairly high status in society. During this period there was a tourism industry, which acquired a global scale. The development of exhibition work and the intensification of the resort business in many countries of the world contribute to the development of tourism, which took a leading place in the national economy of many countries of the world.

Excursion ― this is the process of familiarizing or studying any object of the sociocultural environment with the help of a professionally trained excursion specialist. In modern sense, the excursion is always characterized by certain goals, time and place.

Currently, excursion activities perform a socially significant role, has its own history, professional personnel, is distinguished by a variety of species of forms, subject.

Excursion - (Lat. - Trip) - Collective or individual visits to attractions, educational or cultural purposes, under the guidance of a guide.

Show and the story determines the feature of the excursion. In the inspection of the show is the specifics of the excursion method. Therefore, the essence of the excursion is organic and inseparable unity in it showing with a story. The main signs of the excursion are: length of time, the presence of an excursion group, the presence of a guide, inspection of excursion facilities, a certain topic, the presence of goals and objectives, the development of the route.

Excursion involves the acquisition of new impressions and new sensations by sightseers. Excursion activities include the activities of the participants of the excursion: the organizer of the excursion, sometimes, the group, guide and excursions. Accentuation ― this is the allocation of features, any traits that allow the guide to consider the features of the group of excursions. The ability to express an accentuation sells professional guide skills that takes into account the features of this group of tourists.

The relevance of our work is to consider the cultural and educational significance of conducting excursions of literary subjects.

The purpose of the work is to develop a route "Homeland V. Solowkina" Achievement of the goal implies a solution of a number of tasks:

) explore the concept, the subject and classification of the excursion;

) Consider tours of literary topics

) Allocate the characteristics of the organization of excursions on the topic "Literary Vladimir".

) Develop a route excursion reflecting the life and creativity of the Vladimir writer V.A. Solowhina.

The object of research is a tour of the literary subject.

The subject of the study - the creativity of V.A. Solowhina.

The basic writing of the work was the books, articles, monographs on tourism, excursions, as well as the study of creativity V.A. Solowhina.

1. Excursion development theory

1.1 Concept and subject of excursion

excursion literary Solobukhin

Excursion - the Word that happened from the Latin "excursio". In Russian, it began to be used in the XIX century, meaning "Running, military raid", a little later - "catching, trip." The following definitions of the term "excursion" presented in chronological order will help to understand the change in the essence of the concept of an excursion and will bring to the realization of its modern interpretation.

The first interpretation of the term was given by V. Dalem in 1882: "Excursion - a penetration, a walk, exit to find something, for collecting herbs, etc.." (Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. - M.: Russian, 1980. - t. 4. - pp. 663).

"The excursion is one of the types of mass, cultural and educational, agitation and academic work, which is aimed at expanding and deepening the knowledge of the younger generation ..." (Big Soviet Encyclopedia. - M., 1933. - t. 63. - p. 316).

"Excursion (Latin. Excursio - a babble) - a collective trip or a walk to Ku-n. With a scientific and educational or entertainment goal "(Definition, given by D.N. Ushakov in 1935, see the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / under the leadership of D.N. Ushakov. - M. Astrel, 2007. - P. 901.)

"Excursion - a visit to the sights of the objects (cultural monuments, museums, enterprises, terrain, etc.), the form and method of acquiring knowledge. It is usually collectively, under the guidance of a tour specialist "(Big Soviet Encyclopedia. - M., 1978. - t. 29. - pp. 63).

"The excursion is a methodically thoughtful showing of the sights, monuments of history and culture, which is based on the analysis of objects who are before the eyes of the objects, as well as a skillful story about the events related to them ... A tour is a visual process of knowledge of the people of the surrounding world, built on in advance selected objects in natural conditions or located in the premises of enterprises, laboratories, research institutes, etc. ... In brief form, the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: Excursion - the sum of knowledge, in the specific form of the group of people, and a certain system of action Their transmission "(Emelyanov, B.V. Excursion: Textbook / B.V. Emelyanov. - 5th ed. - M.: Soviet Sport, 2004. - P. 17, 21-22).

From the above definitions it can be seen that over time it happened not just a change, but the complication of the goals, objectives, contents and forms of excursions. If an initially excursion could be a simple walk, during which the search for therapeutic berries and herbs was carried out, then the exhibits for local lore museums began to be identified during excursions, raising the level of knowledge in various industries. Accordingly, the goals changed, if only practical tasks were first put, scientific general education, cultural educational were added to them.

When considering the concept of "Essence of the Excursion", it is necessary to keep in mind the condition of the excursion process with objective requirements. Each tour represents a special process of activity, the essence of which is due to specific patterns (thematic, dedication, visibility, emotionality, activity, etc.).

During the excursion process, the guide helps excursors to see objects based on the topic (first task), hear about these objects the necessary information (second task), feel the greatness of the feat, the value of the historical event (third task), master the practical skills of self-observation and analysis excursion facilities (fourth task). In solving the last task, the formation of the ability to see a large place.

Material excursion, professional excursion skills in his presentation make it possible to analyze excursors, make the necessary conclusions. These skills during the show and the story of excursors instress the guide. At the same time, the authors of the tour act as active assistants of the guide. A well-known theorist, critic and teacher A V. Bakushinsky, said this: "Methodical material development, due to the goal, all tasks and a tour of the excursion, should be directed to the awakening of the independence of perception and assessments" 1.

One of the tasks of the excursion is to develop a relationship to the topic of excursions, activities of historical persons, events, facts, as a whole to the material of the excursion and give it their assessment.

Rate - So make an idea of \u200b\u200bsomeone, to determine the value, the nature, the role of anyone or something, to recognize someone's advantages, positive qualities.

Excursion assessment - These are the conclusions of the tour to which the guide leads

Attitude towards excursion It is necessary to understand as: a certain view of the tour of the historical period, which is devoted to the excursion; perception of any action; Understanding a specific situation in which a writer was, sculptor (artist), creating his work.

In this process, the material of the excursion is played a large role, feeding it with a guide, an "angle of view" to an event and evaluation by its guide, as well as the conviction of a guide in its right. The main thing in this process is the problem of understanding. Most excursions perceive the point of view of the guide, which becomes the basis of the understanding of the material and developing attitudes towards the subject of display and the story.

Excursion - Metodically thought-out display of attractions, historical and cultural monuments, which is based on the analysis of objects of objects before the eyes of the eyes, as well as a skillful story about events related to them.

Composition - construction, compound, compilation of individual parts into a whole. This term is associated with the concepts of "Structure" and "Design".

Plot - Event or several events related to each other.

Fabul - The chain of events that the work tells about. In the presentation, Fabules distinguish composition, string, development, culmination, junction.

Culmination - point, the moment of the highest voltage in the development of the headquarters.

Excursion, being a product of specific authors, is based on the requirements of the requirements for the literary work and has its own story to which all the sightseeing material is subordinated. A sightseeing tour of its tasks and form is more complex than traveling sightseeing information or a conversation of an instructor in a tourist campaign. Thematic excursion compared with the city review, more complex in its structure, content, methodology for conducting.

The path of development of the excursion goes through the line of its entity. Initially, the excursion was a walk pursuing practical tasks, such as the search for therapeutic herbs. Then, there were scientific tasks in front of it, such as the identification of exhibits for the local history museum. The search for new forms of self-education put forward a general educational goal before excursions. The desire to improve educational work, make it more efficient turned an excursion to one of the types of cultural and educational work.

Currently, the excursion acts as something complete, holistic, having its own specific functions and signs, a peculiar individual technique. To a large extent, it has enriched in content, forms of conducting and the method of presenting material and is characterized as an integral part of the ideological and cultural and cultural work. Goals, tasks and forms of excursions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

Number f / pTseliZadachiFormy provedeniya1OtdyhPoisk herbs, berries, mushrooms, fruktovProgulka2UchebnayaUsvoenie children knowledge on subjects (botany, geography, history) The lesson is cool pomescheniya3NauchnayaVyyavlenie exhibits for local history muzeyaEkspeditsiya4ObscheobrazovatelnayaRasshirenie common cultural krugozoraBeseda gone camping, travel excursion information in the transport puteshestvii5Kulturno-prosvetitelnayaPovyshenie knowledge On the history, architecture, literature and other sectors of the Multi-Flag Eight-Educational Excursion for Knowledge in Combining with Education Excursion

So, the excursion is a visual process of knowledge of the person the surrounding world, built on pre-selected objects in vivo or located in the premises of enterprises, laboratories, research institutes, etc.

The display of objects occurs under the guidance of a qualified specialist - a guide. The process of perceiving objects by sightseers is subordinated to the task of disclosing a certain topic. The guide transmits the audience to the vision of the object, an assessment of a memorable place, an understanding of a historical event associated with this object. He is not indifferent to him that he will see the excursant, as he will understand and will perceive what he saw and heard. He brings his explanations to the essentials to the necessary conclusions and estimates, thus achieving the desired effectiveness of the event.

Excursion functions are treated as its main properties.

Function of scientific propaganda. The basis of the excursion is the principles of propaganda, scientific, ideological, communication with life, visibility and persuasiveness. These principles express the creature of propaganda, allow you to allocate in it the main thing.

Communication theory with life. The excursion material should be linked to life, reality, practice of economic and cultural construction, with those changes that occur in Russia.

Information feature. Excursion in accordance with its topic contains information on a specific section of knowledge: about the achievements of historical science, medicine, biology; about the discoveries of archaeologists; inventions, achievements in economic and cultural construction.

The function of organizing cultural leisure. Under the leisure is meant that part of the non-working time, which remains at the disposal of a person after the working day. This is free time within a day, week, a person spends at his own discretion on active creative or social activities, studying without separation from production, amateur classes, communication with friends.

Excursion to the extension functions of the cultural and technical horizon. Each excursion contributes to the expansion of a man's horizon. Its participants receive knowledge of history, in the field of art, architecture, literature, economics. Often, the excursion specifies the knowledge of the tourists, helps them see what they knew on written sources, from school programs, from lectures.

Excursion is the synthesis of several forms of cultural and educational work. It can be included in it as thematically embedded and methodically acquitted parts:

a) fragments from feature films, popular or chronically documentary

b) performances of participants or eyewitnesses of events, war veterans (1941-1945) in excursions to military-patriotic topics;

c) meeting with the leaders of industrial or agricultural enterprises, engineering and technical workers, advanced workers in excursions for production topics;

d) listening to musical works dedicated to the life and creativity of composers, artists, musicians;

e) listening to the speeches of state and public actors in recording, in excursions to historical and historical and revolutionary topics.

Function for the formation of people's interests. The task of the excursion is to inform the knowledge of the audience and cause interest in people to a specific knowledge industry.

Each particular excursion can simultaneously perform several functions. It depends on which group of sightseers it is carried out. For children and youth, the tour is the function of expanding the cultural and technical outlook; For adolescents choosing a profession - the function of forming interests; For foreign tourists - the function of information, etc.

Signs of excursion

The sign is called what makes it similar to each other or distinguishes objects and phenomena from each other. Meaning essential signs, i.e. Those without which the subject, phenomena, the form of cultural and educational work cannot exist.

Excursion, like other forms of cultural and educational work (lecture, thematic evening, oral magazine, reader's conference), has its own characteristics in the organization and methodology. Her signs talk about similarities with other forms or emphasize its indigenous difference from them.

General features for all excursions are:

The length of the time from one academic hour (45 min) to one day

The presence of excursants (groups or individuals).

The presence of a guide conducting a tour.

Movement of the participants of the excursion on a predetermined route.

The focus of the objects of objects, the presence of a specific topic.

Active activities of participants (observation, study, research objects).

The lack of at least one of the above seven signs is deprived of the right to call the acting excursion.

In addition to these general features, each type of excursion has its own specific signs:

bus - Mandatory exit from the bus for inspecting monuments;

museum - familiarity with materials located on the stands;

production - demonstration of existing objects (machines, aggregates, mechanisms).

The value of signs of excursion is that their proper understanding does not allow mistaken to interpret the essence of the excursion.

1.2 Excursion Development Rules

By content Excursions are divided into review (multi-faceted, polyphic) and thematic.

Sightseeing tourscharacterized by a multiyability and allow for a short time to get a common and solid idea of \u200b\u200bthe object. City excursion is built on the show of various objects of the city: monuments of history and culture, buildings and structures, locations of significant events, natural objects, industrial and agricultural enterprises, etc. The story of the city is conducted from the time of its occurrence to the present.

Almost all urban sightseeing excursions are similar among themselves. Each of them contains a somewhat subpap: the history of the city, the characteristic of culture, science, education, industry. The choice of the main and obligatory subpap is a difficult task for the guide. The differences between urban sightseeing excursions are due to the peculiarities of the cultural and historical development of the city. When preparing an urban sightseeing tour, preference is given to those submers, which define the "face" of the city, and one of the subtopics by virtue of its importance is necessarily becoming the lead.

Another feature of sightseeing excursions is that any subtophe need to become the topic for an independent excursion.

Thematic excursions deals with the disclosure of any one topic in the field of history, culture, environmental management. Depending on this or that informative aspect, the thematic excursion traditionally refers to one of the types: historical, architectural and urban, art historical, literary, environmental and industrial (technological). The first four types can be combined into a class of cultural and historical excursions.

By specifying each type, you can highlight subtypes of urban sightseeing excursions. So, in its content historical excursions are divided by historical and local history; Archaeological(with a show of real historical excavation sources); ethnographic (talking about the nravas and customs of different nations); military historical (held in places of military glory); historical and biographical(in places associated with the life and activities of famous people) .

Architectural and town planning excursions divided on excursions with a show of the architectural appearance of this city; excursions with a show of monuments of architecture of a certain historical period; excursions giving an idea of \u200b\u200bthe work of any architect; excursions with a demonstration of samples of modern architecture; excursions that are acquainted with the planning and building of cities according to the master plans; Tours of new buildings.

Art historian excursions the following substapions are: historical and theatrical, historical and musical, in areas of existence of folk art fishes, in the lives of artists of art, excursions to art galleries, exhibition halls, art historical museums, artists and sculptor workshops.

Literary excursions

Non-cultural excursions they are divided into botanical, zoological, hydrological, geological, excursions for unique monuments of nature.

Production excursions can be production and historical, industrial and economic, industrial and technical and professional orientation for students.

It should be noted that the thematic excursions of one or another type rarely exist isolated, practice shows that the boundaries between them are blurred. Thus, historical material is used in architectural and urban, art historical, literary, production excursions.

According to the members of the participants first of all, there are excursions for adults and children, local residents and tourists (non-resident), urban population and rural, organized, homogeneous groups (at the request of institutions) and single, unfamiliar with each other. For other reasons, you can build other classifications. For example, there are excursions for students, professionals and a general public.

As a special contingent that requires special techniques and methods for holding a tour, you can specify groups of religious pilgrims, young children, disabled, elderly, "difficult" adolescents.

Depending on the composition of the group in the content of the excursion, the methodology for its implementation and the duration changes are made. Such an approach to the preparation and excursion in the theory of excursion is called differentiated.

At the venue excursions are urban, country, museum, complex, combining elements of several types of excursions.

By way of movement there are pedestrian and transport excursions. The advantage of pedestrian excursions is that the guide itself sets the rhythm of movement (speed, duration of transitions and stops), which provides favorable conditions for displaying and stories. However, the number of pedestrian excursions is limited by a small length of the route. The advantage of transport excursions is that they can include objects that are significantly removed from each other.

Among the transport excursions are the most common bus, which contain the action of two plans: show and analyze excursion objects at stops, with a mandatory outlet from the bus, and the story on the way, most often associated with the characteristic of memorable places, which are currently being trapped. The complexity of bus excursions is due to external factors that should be taken into account when conducting an excursion. These include road traffic rules, unforeseen circumstances arising on the roads (congestion, accidents, repair work), the speed of the bus and the correspondence of the story and shows, etc.

The duration of the excursion ranges from one academic hour (45 minutes) to four to five hours. There is an opinion that the duration of the excursion can reach one day. A.V. Svyatoslavian such long tours calls tours and believes that they are crushed into several smaller excursions of different durations, and also include the time of food, recreation, purchase of souvenirs, sanitary stops, travel information. Let us dwell in more detail on the last element of long-distance excursions.

The track information is transmitted to tourists on the bus next to objects significantly removed from the collection site: in another location, in the museum - estate, reserve, memorial complex. Travel information assumes both preparations for visiting objects at the end point of the route and familiarization with the attractions found along the path, besides this, the general characteristic of the terrain or region can be given. Travel information does not imply continuous speaking, it is recommended to arrange 15-20-minute breaks for leisure of sightseers and guides.

In addition to traditional excursions (review and thematic), there are excursions - walks, mainly on natural studies, in the forest, to the park, on the lake, along the river. During excursions - walks. Sightseeing is enjoyable with rest.

In the 60-80s. The twentieth century was carried out excursions - extras whose participants are simultaneously moving along the route by 10 - 20 buses, each of which is running a guide. In such excursions, in addition to the inspection of objects, rallies can be included in the monuments, burial sites, meetings with heroes and participants in historical events, the performance of participants in amateur activities, participation in folk holidays and theatrical ideas.

Excursion - the concert is dedicated to a musical theme with listening to musical works in the cabin of the bus during a long tours.

Excursion can be considered as a form of training activities for various groups of sightseers. From this point of view, it is allocated:

. excursion - Lesson, which is a form of knowledge of knowledge in accordance with the curriculum of a particular educational institution;

. excursion - Demonstration In the most visual form, introduces a group with natural phenomena or production processes;

. trial excursionit is conducted at the final stage of individual work on the preparation and conduct of educational and thematic excursions and is the form of testing of knowledge and skills from students in a tourist-local lore association (mug).

Note that the division of excursions to clearly defined groups in practice is conditional in nature, however, it is necessary, as it is of great importance in the development of new excursion routes. The classification of excursions ensures conditions for effective tour of the tour, facilitates specialization, provides a differential approach to servicing various groups of sightseers.

A new tour is the result of two complex interrelated processes: its preparation and conduct. The content and value of the new excursion is caused by the knowledge and competence of methodists and guides.

In the preparatory work there are two main directions:

1.development of a new topic of excursion (referred to as a new one for this excursion institution and new in general);

2.preparation of a guide (both beginner and experienced) to holding a new excursion for him.

Development is entrusted to the creative group (usually 3-7 people), which, as a rule, constitutes the guides working in the institution. As consultants invited scientists of museums, teachers of universities, etc., i.e. Specialists of various industries. Each participant develops one section, one or less. Choose a manager who monitors.

In the technology of preparing a new excursion, three main steps are distinguished.

1.Preliminary work. Includes selection and study of materials, selection of objects. (The study here should be understood as a process of accumulating knowledge on this topic, determining the purpose and tasks of the excursion).

2.Directly developing the excursion itself, i.e. making a route, work on the content, processing of actual material, drawing up and writing the control text, methodical work (work on the method of conducting a tour, the choice of the most effective methodological techniques of showing and the story during the tour, preparation of the methodological development of a new excursion), writing by excursions of individual texts .

.The final part - the reception (protection) of excursions on the route - is an approval of a new excursion by the head of the excursion institution, admission of excursions that defended their topic, to work on the route.

If you draw up the simplest scheme that is suitable for any excursion, regardless of the topic, type and form of holding, then it will be like this:

). Entry, usually consists of two parts:

· organizational (acquaintance with the participants of the excursion, instructing the group on safety and behavior rules on the route);

· information (a brief message about the topic, duration and length of the route, time of departure and arrival, as well as about the place of arrival, sanitary stops).

). The main part forms a combination of display and stories, built on specific excursion facilities. The content of the main part consists of a subtopon (their usually from 5 to 12), which should be disclosed on objects and combined the main theme.

). Conclusion. Just as joining, it is not associated with excursion facilities. It consists of two parts and takes 5-7 minutes. The first part is briefly formulated the main content of the excursion, the general conclusion is made on the topic. The second part is information about other excursions that can deepen the knowledge of excursions on this topic.

When preparing a new excursion, it is necessary to be guided by a differentiated approach to excursion services, orient to a certain category of sightseers. In the desire to make the excursion it is interesting not to overload it with information. The method of filing the material should not be tedious. There is a prerequisite for accounting not only of interests, but also consumer purposes. When organizing an excursion as part of the business tour program, attention should be paid to the show of public and business centers. If the excursion is held within the framework of the resort rest, the attractive walks are walking, including water, with the observation of natural landscapes.

In the process of preparing a new excursion, starting from 1976 to this day, 15 main stages are distinguished.

Stage. Definition of the purpose and tasks of the excursion.

The purpose is clearly defined, for which certain objects are shown for excursants, then what is subject to the story of the guide. (An example of the goal: upbringing patriotism, extension of the horizon, etc.). The task of the excursion is to achieve the goal by disclosing the topic.

Stage. The choice of theme.

Depends on the purposeful creation of a certain topic of excursions, potential demand or a specific order. This stage is important because the topic combines all objects into a single whole objects, an end of the excursion. It is in accordance with the topic that objects and specific material are selected.

Stage. The selection of literature and the preparation of bibliography.

When developing a new excursion, a list of books and articles revealing the topic is drawn up. His appointment is to determine the approximate borders of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, help guides to use theoretical and actual material when preparing text.

The list may include "basic" and "additional" literature, it indicates standard bibliographic information. The list is multiplied in the amount required to work as a creative group and guides.

Stage. Determination of other sources of sightseeing material.

Acquaintance with the expositions and foundations of museums on the topic. A list is drawn up in which state marks, museums, chronically documentaries, multimedia databases containing materials on the topic. The main selection criterion is the accuracy of the information set out.

.3 Excursions by literary theme

Among the diverse forms of functioning of the literary work, there is one extremely interesting, but by the attention of modern literary studies: a literary excursion. The extensive experience of the theory of sightseeing, accumulated in the 1920s has not yet been in demand. Such a social and educational and enlightened and enjoyable phenomenon of the appearance of literature as a literary tour went out, it seems exclusively in the area of \u200b\u200bapplied interests of the tourist business. Accordingly, the design of excursions is theoretically not comprehended and has not enough for a well-thought-out conceptual basis.

The heuristic and didactic capabilities of the literary excursion are still little in demand.

Projecting the text of the work in the real landscape, deploying it as here and now the last event, the literary excursion creates nothing without a replace effect of the scent of the artistic world. Indeed, the effect of interaction of the literary text and the landscape turns out to be multifaceted. First, the perception of the art itself changes. Rows of a familiar product localized in the route acquire maximum concreteness. The excursant, comparing the object and generated by the author's associations, itself enters the process of creative transformation of the area. Secondly, the semantics of everyday space changes: familiar city streets, faceless, silent at home acquire the appearance, voice, speak the language of literary legends. In the consciousness of perceiving, the mechanisms are triggered, turning the corrupt space into a cultured landscape in a saturated meaning. And finally, the processes of identification of the territory and self-identification of the person living on it will deepen the natural need to know and love their land.

Literary excursions are advisable to group as follows:

Literary and biographical - pass in places storing the memory of the life and work of a certain writer;

Literary and artistic (poetic texts);

Literary and local history - are devoted to the study of a natural or anthropogenic, cultural complex with the help of literary works;

Literary and biographical excursions are held in places that keep the memory of the life and work of the writer, poet, playwright, etc. (for example, "A.S. Pushkin in Moscow and Moscow region", "Kubrin in St. Petersburg", etc.);

historical and literary, revealing certain periods of development of Russian national literature (for example, "literary Moscow 20s of the 20th century", "Literary Eagle", etc.);

literary and artistic - these are poetic-text excursions (for example, "White Nights in St. Petersburg") or excursions in places, which were reflected in the works of a writer (for example, "in the footsteps of Heroes M. Sholokhov", "Moscow in The work of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" ", etc.).

Conclusions. In this way, in brief form, the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: Excursion - the sum of knowledge, in the specific form of the group's reported group, and a certain system of action on their transfer.

Literary excursions are divided into literary and biographical (in places storing the memory of the life and work of the writer, poet, playwright); historical and literary (dedicated to certain periods of development of Russian literature); Literary and artistic (in places that were a place of action in the works of one or another writer).

2. Development of an excursion "To the Motherland V. Solowkina"

.1 Total Excursion (Text) Excursions

The planned excursion is devoted to the life and activities of the outstanding Vladimir poet and Prosaika Vladimir Solowkina.

Vladimir Alekseevich Soloohin (06/14/1924-4.04.1997), writer. Born in the village of Alepino Vladimir region in the peasant family.

Born in the peasant family. His mother of Stepanida Ivanovna, knew a lot of poems Nekrasov, Surikova, A.K. Tolstoy. What was reflected in the Son, which thus faced poetry in a clear age.

After graduating from school, in 1938-1942 He studied at the Technical School in Vladimir, received a specialty instrumental mechanic.

Further fate of Vladimir Solowhina has developed in such a way that he since 1942, after graduating from the technical school, he served in the military unit guarding the Kremlin, in 1945 he wandered into literary association. Conducted classes there could be seen Lugovsky, Tikhonov, Salvinsky, Anticoline, Schitchev, Kovalenkova, and participating in Lukonin, Mezhirov, Goodzenko, Mikhail Lvov, Julia Drunyna, Narovkutova, Pavel Shubin, and others. Thanks to this, after serving Army, Vladimir Soloohin began to seriously engage in literary activities.

In 1946, posing his first poems in Komsomolskaya Pravda and realizing his calling, entered the literary institute. M. Gorky, who graduated in 1951. After graduating from the institute, he worked as a traveling correspondent, wrote reports on travel around the country and abroad.

He worked as a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Young Guard" (1958-1981), a member of the editorial board, and then the Council of the President of Our Contemporary magazine.

Solowhina verses were at first traditional in shape, then his lyrics were even more approaching prose, he refused rhyme and size, separating poems by means of syntactic parallels and repetition words and parts of the sentence. SOLOKHIN PROZA in its associative structure and for the fact that the action in it often goes into the background, resembles prose K.G. Pouustovsky (about the work of which Soloohin responded with a deep understanding); This prose combines journalistic documentary and attitudes on natural lyrics, an anti-peasant, based on their own observations on the life of collective farmers, and reflections on art historical themes, the national-Russian admiration for the birthplace and its cultural traditions and a topical criticism.

The first collection of poems "Rain in Steppe" appeared in 1953. Critica celebrated in verses "thin charm of the image". In the early lyrics, the desire to formulate problems such as the Motherland, its historical past and present, man and nature is found. The civil position of the author is detected in verses containing meditation about the meaning of life, about the relationship between the poet and the people. Then the poetic collections "Zhuravlich" (1959) followed, "having flowers in the hands" (1962), "live on earth" (1965), in which over time, the author's desire for philosophical understanding of life was increasing.

In the 1950s. The first collections of his poems came out, in which over time, the author's desire to philosophical understanding of life became increasingly intensified. During travel around the country and foreign countries published reports and travel essays in various publications. The book "Vladimir Caps" (1957) made the name Solochina famous. In 1958, he was introduced into the Presidium of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR, in 1959 - even the Union of Writers of the USSR.

During the scandal around the exit in the west in 1957, Romana B. Pasternak "Dr. Zhivago" and awarded the Nobel Prize (1958), Soloohin was among the condemned poet, but as Vladimir Alekseevich later explained, not for the protection of the communist regime, but Since I did not consider the novel so talented (it really is difficult to call it), did not sympathize with the nonpatariotic worldview of Pasternak and did not want to be his defender in this case.

Since 1951, a lot goes around the country and foreign countries, publishing reports in various publications. The first separate book of the essay prose "Birth of the Grain" was published in 1955; The next is "Golden bottom" - in 1956. The book "Vladimir Caps" (1957) attracted the serious attention of readers and critics, having received the most approving responses. In 1964 published the autobiographical Roman "Magnifier". Special place in the work of Solowhina, its art and publicistic books "Letters from the Russian Museum" (1966) and "Black Boards" (1969). In 1964 - 81 was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Young Guard".

Living in Moscow, Solobukhin did not break the relationship with native places, the local people. In 1965, a collection of poems "from lyrical positions" comes. In the 1970s they saw the light of the book "Oleppinsky ponds" (1973) and "Visit 3 Vanche" (1975). In the 1980s - "time to collect stones" about the optical desert (the monastery near the city of Kozelsk) and the collection of stories and essays "Disaster with pigeons". The theme of the Russian nature, the spiritual wealth of the people always occupied the writer, wrote about the need for their conservation and protection.

The main theme of Solowkina's creativity is a Russian village. Vladimir Soloohin is a prominent representative of the "Writers-villagers". In 1975, an autobiographical story "Verdict" was published in the magazine "Moscow", where the main character (on behalf of which the narrative is conducted) is the oncological diagnosis and surgical operation is carried out. In the legacy of the writer, the autobiographical prose occupies a special place, in which the author comprehends the history of Russia of the 20th century ("Last step", "at the light of the day", "Salon Lake", "Bowl"). In them, standing at the Orthodox-nationalist positions, he sharply criticizes the atheistic, internationalist, liberal and communist worldview.

In June 1956, Soloohin traveled on foot on Vladimir Earth.

A sense of love for his homeland and painful for her destiny is imbued with his story "Vladimir Caps" (1957), "Rose drop" (1960), "Laughter behind the left shouldch" (1984). They were written on the basis of real impressions and brought him wide fame. "Vladimir Caps" are 40 diary records made during a trip to the edge of the edge; The "drop of dew" is the portrait of the native village of Olepino, "a regular peasant boy, built on the screen for the irrevocative childhood." Soloohin believed that as a drop in the world, it was reflected in the life of one village, something characteristic of all Russia can be found.

One of the first raised the question of the plight of the peasants, ruined by socialist experiments. In the book "With the Light Day" (1992) showed the anti-Russian essence of the Jewish Bolsheviks, consciously murricated Russian people with hunger to make them obey their power. In the book "Salt Lake" (1994), the sadism and the pathological cruelty of the Jewish Bolsheviks represented in the person of one of the bright representatives of A. Gaidar.

Soloukhin belongs to the merit of one of the subjects of the social movement for the preservation of the national cultural treasure, historical monuments and memorable places.

A significant place after lyrical leaders in Solowkina's works was taken by those who were spent at that time "letters from the Russian Museum" (1966), "Black boards" (1969) about the Old Russian art, in which Solophin raised the most acute problems of salvation and restoration of dying monuments Starns. Reflecting on the role of a contemporary person in the progressive development of life, Soloohin put and developed the problems of its interaction with land, nature, culture, the heritage of the past. The theme of "respect to legend" for Solowhina became the basis of books "Time to collect stones" (1980) and "Continuing time (letters from different places)" (1988). In the last, the writer shared his thoughts about the sad fate of historical places related to the names of the prominent figures of the Russian National Culture (essay on the estate of G. R. Derzhavin - Zvanke, about Block chess, optical desert associated with the names of Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy). Soloohin called for an effective change in the situation in relation to the cultural heritage of the past - the monuments of the old architecture, painting, music. In the "black boards", "letters from the Russian Museum", as well as in the Slavonic Tetradi (1965), the Solobyinskaya "Philosophy of Patriotism" was formed. The main idea of \u200b\u200bSolowkina's art and publicistic books is the responsibility of a person for the preservation of spiritual riches to the coming generations. Soloohin was one of the founders of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture, an active figure of the Russian Club, and in the 90s - one of the leaders of the movement for the restoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

At the end of the 50s-60th, Soloohin widely addressed the small genre, created the stories "Girl on the County of the Sea", "ice vertices of humanity", "Varvara Ivanovna", and others, which reflect the current moral and ethical problems exploring the complicated Communication of man in the modern world.

The autobiographical Roman "Magnifying Committee" (1964) is the first experience in this genre. He is dedicated to the life of post-war student. The main character is a rustic guy, Sergeant Mitya Cowushkin, serving a service in the capital. It enters the literary institute falls into an unusual environment. The difficult process of gaining the hero in the city world is traced, and the poet's hero. Soul Zolushkina was looking for simplicity and naturalness of relationships. Solowkina was important to show the artist's birth hero.

In the early 60s, Solohin survived the spiritual fracture: "... I ... began to see it and, more precisely, I was clear." The story of this "insight" is told by the writer in his novel "The last step (confession of your contemporary)" (1976-95). Soloohin called his novel "The Main Book", which, according to him, was written in 1976 "without regardless" (ie, without self-censorship) and lay in the Writer's desk for almost 20 years (one of the heads of the novel called "Reading Lenin" It was published in the German Publishing House "Sowing" in 1988). All the novel was published in 1995. Related with him still in the manuscript of L. Leonov noted: "In general, there is a person in Moscow with a hydrogen bomb in the portfolio and pretends that there is a bottle of brandy." "Opt" The work of Solowhina is a confessional novel about the painful path of the transmission of the Russian writer-nugget, about the fate of Russia in the twentieth century, the essence of the Soviet building and lifestyle in the era of "stagnation", about the fatal national issues "What to do?" And "Who is to blame?". The question is "about the Jewish domain in Russia, about the desire of Jewish leaders to the world domination over humanity." Paphos "Transparency" marked and the oscillation story "Funeral Stepanida Ivanovna" (1967, published in the "New World" in 1987), and the story of the childhood "Laughter behind the left shoulder" (1989), and the article "Owning" (1991), book Oh VI Lenin "in the world's light" (1992), the story "Salt Lake" - about the pathological cruelty of the Bolsheviks in the person of one of the bright representatives of A. Gaidar.

Soloohin tried his hand in different genres: from the first poem "Rain in the steppe" to the "wreath of sonnets" - a complicated form of fifteen sonnets. Famous verses of Solochina "Men" and "Shanna Doguns ARC "laid on music. The writer believed that in the "limits of his profession, you need to be able to solve any tasks," as he solved them in the genre framework of the story, novels, lyrical miniatures ("pebbles on the palm", 1977), poems, novel, filmceneuria. In 1983-84, the Publishing House "Artistic Literature" was issued a collection of writer writers in 4 volumes. In 1995, the issuance of a 10-volume collection of works was launched. Memoirs "Bowl" posthumously published.

Public speeches V.A. Solochina times of the "late perestroika" (the end of the 1980s) were held, unlike the official speeches of the past years, already from the standpoint of the idealization of pre-revolutionary Russia. In the article "Reading Lenin", Solobhin one of the first discovered the idea that it was necessary to reconsider a look at Lenin's figure in the history of Russia. During the years of Perestroika, the idea was popular that the crimes of the Epoch of Stalin's Board are "perverting Lenin principles," Solobukhin justified the opposite thesis - that they are a natural continuation of Lenin politics.

Vladimir Soloohin traveled a lot, his works were transferred to foreign languages. Left a large poetic heritage, among which the poem "Three Cherry Day" stands out. The author in recent years of life read "CheroMuhu" from the stage on all literary and artistic events, where he was invited.

Vladimir Alekseevich was extremely friendly and by no means a chvany author, with whom it was easy to worked. Goodwill was one of the distinguishing features of his character. He was absolutely no envious, generous to those who sympathized.

I quiet and kind. Love with friends

Drink, eat. Alone

I love to stay with verses,

What awaken in me.

He considered himself primarily a poet. I asked him to reprend him not otherwise as "Poet and Prosika", and the "poet" - in the first place.
He wrote in the morning, daily, putting the rule: two pages per day or more - no less. But he said that if he felt the approach of the birth of a verse, he was immediately postponed to the side of everything, on which at that time he worked: essay, tale, novel. "I wrote a prose myself, and poems it always seemed to me, under someone's dictation," he admitted. So there were wonderful poems "Hawk", "Strela", "long ago", and others.
Vladimir Soloohin died on April 4, 1997 in Moscow. The funeral has passed in the church of Christ the Savior in Moscow. Vladimir Soloohin was the first one who was sent in the temple after his discovery.

Patriarch Moscow and All Russia Alexy said about Vladimir Alekseyevich Solochin the following words:

"During the years of life, the Lord judged Vladimir Alekseevich to do a lot and survive. However, in all life circumstances, he has always been an example of principle, honesty and loyalty to his vocation. He passed a long, saturated with many events and tests creative way. Today V.A. Solowhina know as an outstanding writer of modernity, which made a significant contribution to the treasury of world culture. The creation of highly artistic literary works, numerous performances in Russian and foreign press, participation in many socially significant shares, works to recreate the church of Christ the Savior - Her other cases Vladimir Alekseevich successfully carried out throughout his life. And, apparently, it was practicing that his funeral was committed in the recreated All-Russian shrine. With his own Mobilic ministry, the art, wise word and the good matter he, through the talent of the god, convincingly testified of the love of Russia, the commitment to high Christian ideals and faith in the great spiritual power of our people. Therefore, Vladimir Alekseevich hesitated his deserved authority and recognition, and his inspired creativity invariably attracted and attracts the attention of the cultural community. The Lord can stop his soul in the villages of Heaven and, will give him eternal memory. "

Vladimir Alekseevich Soloohin was buried in the native village of Alepine.

.2 Methodical development of an excursion "To the Motherland V. Solowhina"

Introduction. The guide highlights the topic of excursions, the main items that are planned to visit during an excursion.

Substitute 1. years of study in Vladimir

Route. Golden Gate - Aviation College Building - N. Yuryevts

Object of display: Quest of the aircate college.

The reception used is a description, a story about the years of study V. Solowkina in Vladimir.

Logical transition: Study in Vladimir, V. Soloohin often came to his native village of Alepino.

Substitute 2. DESTINY YEAR V. SOLOKHIN

Route: N. Yuryevts - Rotate to Stavrovo.

Shown object: photos of S. Alepino, the house of the writer's parents. We use the reception of the reconstruction of events.

Substitute 3. Literary creativity V. Solowhina.

Route: Rotate on p. Stavrovo - s. Alepino.

Show objects: surroundings with. Alepino ("Vladimir Rasks"). Photos.

Upon arrival in s. Alepino show the house where V. Soloohin lived, we go through the village. Next, the stop is a village cemetery, a place - where the writer is buried (memorial).

Conclusion.

Summing up the excursion, answers to questions.

2.3 Route scheme

The excursion is designed for 4 hours (including 1 hour 20 minutes. Ways from the place of departure "Golden Gate" - Alepino Village and back).

Departure from p. "Golden Gate" at 10.00.

Vladimir Nature, so rich and generously covered in the works of Solowkina.

An excursion ends with the Golden Gate of Vladimir.

The guide throughout the entire excursion reads poems, or part of the prose V. Solowhina, starting from early creativity (from the beginning of the excursion) and ending with late works.

Conclusions. So, in the second chapter of the work, an excursion was developed "to the homeland of V. Solowhina." To this end, the biography of writers was studied, a methodological development of an excursion was carried out, and a route scheme was developed.

Conclusion

As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made.

By themselves, judgments about the essence of the excursion are extremely "young."

For the first time, the concept of "essence of the excursion" was considered by the author of this textbook in 1976 1. Then, in several editions prepared by the same author, the content of the concept was complemented and a more complete interpretation received in the textbook "Basics of Excursion Science" (1985).

Throughout the development of the excursion case, scientists and practices - excursionists, trying to comprehend the importance of excursions, their place in the education of a person, wrote a lot about their content, efficiency, etc. In this matter, the authors did not come to a single opinion, but it is impossible to refuse them to The fact that they were on the right track.

Excursions can specify already existing knowledge, give new, develop the ability to approach phenomena from the life of nature and people, strengthen the interest in studied and cause experiences in the field of senses.

While some guide the excursion first of all to ensure that she gives knowledge, others tend to help the excursors to develop the ability and skills to see works of art, the phenomena of nature, events from different areas of people's lives.

The development of skills is another facet of the concept of "essence of the excursion".

A wide range of show objects, multifaceted topics, the development of excursions management techniques, professional excursion skills allow excursions to perform certain functions, each of which plays a large role in the education and education of a person.

Any form of cultural and educational work has its own distinctive features. The main sign of the excursion is a high degree of visibility. Another signs are important. They are unequal for various excursions, (bus and pedestrian, manufacturing and museum). It should, however, keep in mind that the above features are mandatory for any excursion.

The division of excursions on well-defined groups in practice is somewhat conditional in nature, but it is of great importance for excursion institutions. The correct classification of excursions ensures the conditions for the best organization of the work of the guide with customers, facilitates specialization, creates the basis for the activities of the methodical sections. The use of regularities of excursions for a particular group contributes to each excursion to be prepared and efficient. When developing new tours with greater complete and focus, the achievements of certain sectors of knowledge are used.

The main objective of the development of excursions is the most complete satisfaction of consumer demand for excursion services. To perform this task, it is necessary to consider themes in three plans: as the subject of the excursion institution, which is built on the sum of the specialties of excursions; As the subject of a particular methodical section, built on the efforts of employees of one specialty (historical, literary, art historical, nature, etc.) and as the subject of a particular guide, which is built on the maximum use of his knowledge and experience as a specialist of a certain industry.

The continuous development of new interesting topics, the improvement of the current topics is one of the main reserves of the growth of excursion services provided to the consumer.

In terms of research of the biography V.A. Solowhina is found to the following.

Solobukhin Vladimir Alekseevich (1924-1997), Poet, Prosisaik. Born on June 14 in the village of Alepino Vladimir region in the peasant family. After graduating from school, in 1938 - 42 studied at the Engineering School in Vladimir, received a specialty instrumental mechanic. During the war, Solobukhin served in the troops of a special purpose guarding the Kremlin. In 1946, posing his first poems in Komsomolskaya Pravda and realizing his calling, entered the literary institute. M. Gorky, who graduated in 1951. The first collection of poems "Rain in Steppe" appeared in 1953. Then followed the poetic collections "Zhuravlyha" (1959), "having flowers in the hands" (1962), "live on earth" (1965) In which over time, the author's desire for the philosophical understanding of life. Since 1951, a lot goes around the country and foreign countries, publishing reports in various publications. The first separate book of the essay prose "Birth of the Grain" was published in 1955; The next is "Golden bottom" - in 1956. The book "Vladimir Caps" (1957) attracted the serious attention of readers and critics, having received the most approving responses. In 1964 published the autobiographical Roman "Magnifier". Special place in the work of Solowhina, its art and publicistic books "Letters from the Russian Museum" (1966) and "Black Boards" (1969). In 1964 - 81 was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Young Guard". Living in Moscow, Solobukhin did not break the relationship with native places, the local people. In 1965, a collection of poems "from lyrical positions" comes. In the 1970s they saw the light of the book "Oleppinsky ponds" (1973) and "Visit 3 Vanche" (1975). In the 1980s - "time to collect stones" about the optical desert (the monastery near the city of Kozelsk) and the collection of stories and essays "Disaster with pigeons". The theme of the Russian nature, the spiritual wealth of the people always occupied the writer, wrote about the need for their conservation and protection. V. Soloohin died on April 5, 1997 in Moscow.

List of used literature

1. Avdasheva Sat., Rosanova N.M. The theory of the organization of industry markets: a textbook. M., 2008.

Azar V.I, Tumanov. Economy of the tourist market. M, 2012.

Actual tasks of tourism development in Russia at the present stage and the tasks of the National Academy of Tourism / Ed. Yu.V. Kuznetsova et al. - St. Petersburg., 2012.

Alyabyeva, R.V. Methods of holding an excursion / R.V. Alyabyeva. ― M.: Academy, 2004. ― 385 from.

Emelyanov, B.V. Excursion Science / B.V. Emelyanov . ― M.: TsRIB Tourist, 1992. ― 375 from.

Bokov MA Strategic management of recreational enterprises in a transitional economy. St. Petersburg., 2011.

Zharkov, A.D. Excursion as a pedagogical process: Methodical recommendations / A.D. Zharkov . ― M.: TsRIB "Tourist", 2003. ― 39 from.

Bowman K. Basics of strategic management / lane. from English Ed. L.G. Zaitseva, M.I. Falcon. M., 2010.

Brymer Robert A. Fundamentals of management in the hospitality industry. M., 2012.

Bachekov M.I. Intercommunicative planning: textbook. 2nd ed. and add. M., 2010.

Blue L.A. Socio-economic statistics: studies. benefit. M., 2011.

Hotel and tourist business / ed. HELL. Musdovsky. M., 2008.

Efremova M.V. Basics of tourist business technology: studies. benefit. - M., 2009.

Ivanov Yu.N. Economic statistics: Tutorial. M., 2009.

Ilina E.N. Basics of tourist activity: textbook. M., 2012.

Kabushkin N.I. Tourism management: studies. Handbook for universities. Minsk, 2012.

Karpova G.A., Waterovod A.V. The concept of sustainable development of tourism and recreational activities on protected natural territories: materials of the scientific and practical conference. St. Petersburg., 2010.

Levonevskaya, O.O. Mastery of the guide / O.O. Levonevskaya . ― St. Petersburg: Peter, 2006. ― 583 from.

Quarterna V.A. Strategic management in tourism: Modern management experience. M., 2010.

Kristovskaya, R.A. Excursion science / R.A. Chrisovskaya . ― Mall: Higher School, 2005. ― 395 from.

Quarterna V.A. Tourism Management: Tourism as a type of activity: Tutorial. M., 2012.

Kotler F., Bowen J. Marketing: Hospitality and Tourism: Textbook for universities / per. from English Ed. R.B. Nozdremer M., 2008.

Cooper K, Fletcherd., Hilbert D. Tourism Economy: Theory and Practice. St. Petersburg., 2008.

Basteners L.I. Economic and Mathematical Dictionary: Dictionary of Modern Economic Science. M., 2009.

Multidimensional statistical analysis in the economy / L.A. Soshnikova etc.; Ed. V.N. Tomashevich. M., 2009.

Basics of tourist activity: Tutorial for tourist lyceums and colleges / Avt.-Cost. E.N. Ilina. M., 2012.

Papirians G.A. International Economic Relations: Tourism Economics. M., 2012.

Papirians G.A. Marketing in tourism. M., 2009.

Papirians G.A. Management in the Hospitality Industry: hotels and restaurants. M., 2010.

Tourism development at the present stage and tasks of the Academy of Tourism / Ed. Yu.V. Kuznetsova. - St. Petersburg., 2010.

Revinsky I.A., Romanova L.S. The behavior of the company in the service market: tourism and travel: studies. benefit. Novosibirsk, 2011.

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Russian Statistical Yearbook: Russian regions. M., 2011.

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Proceedings of the Academy of Tourism: Sat scientific papers. Vol. 3, 4 / Ed. Yu.V. Kuznetsova, A.T. Kirilova, G.A. Karpova. St. Petersburg, 2012.

Unique territories in the cultural heritage and natural heritage of the regions: Sat. scientific papers. - M., 2010.

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Fedin, A.I. Excursion Science / A.I. Fenina . ― Krasnodar: Southern Management Institute 201 2. ― 211 s.

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Yakovlev G.A. Economics and tourism statistics: studies. benefit. M., 2009.

Specialty:

Uniqueness: 84%

Number of pages: 73

Year of Protection: 2014

Optional: A free report (protective speech), presentation, review, reviews attached to WCR. Improve the graduation (if necessary) - free!

Introduction

I. Theoretical part: Theoretical and methodological foundations of studying excursion routes

1.1. Theoretical analysis of excursion activities

1.2. Theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological approaches in the study of excursion routes

1.3. World experience in the development of tourist cards

II. Analytical part: Analysis of the current state of excursion routes of the Republic of Dagestan

2.1. Assessment of tourist resources of the Republic of Dagestan

2.2. Analysis of objects of the tourist infrastructure of the Republic of Dagestan

2.3. General characteristics of excursion routes of the Republic of Dagestan

III. Practical part: Development of measures to compile an atlas of sightseeing routes in the Republic of Dagestan

3.1. Events on the development of atlas excursion routes

3.2. Information Support

3.4. Economic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the satin of excursion routes in the Republic of Dagestan

Conclusion

Bibliography

Pupil 9th \u200b\u200bgrade Tarynchva Anastasia

Our city Bulgarian is today - the famous tourist city of Tatarstan. Places like the Bulgarian Architectural Museum - the Reserve, the White Mosque, the Bread Museum, attract not only Russian, but also foreign tourists. But there is in our area of \u200b\u200bplaces that rarely visits the average tourist. We are in our project, we suggest to stay with us longer and visit places related to stories, architecture and nature of our region.

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State budget health educational institution of sanatorium type for children in need of long-term treatment, "Bulgarian sanatorium boarding school"

Project work on the topic:

"Development of a tourist route on the historical and natural attractions of the Spassky district»

Pupil 9th \u200b\u200bgrade Tarynchva Anastasia

Scientific adviser:

Arinina Elena Khasiatullovna

Geography teacher

bulgarian - 2015

1. Entering .. ................................................................................................... 2

2. Project meter ............................................................... ....................................... .......... 3.

3. Tourism in the Spassky district .............................................................................. 4

4. Description of the route. .................................................................................... ..5

5. Translation ................................................................................................ ..8.

6.Used literature .............................................................................. ... 9

1. Introduction.

Tourism, as one of the high-yielding sectors of the economy, for the rapid rates of its development is recognized as an economic phenomenon of century.

In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in the formation of gross domestic product. activating foreign trade balance , providing employment of the population and creating additional jobs, has a positive impact on such key sectors of the economy as transportation and communications, construction, agriculture, culture, art, production of consumer goods and others.

The Republic of Tatarstan and, among other things, our Spassky district has a rich historical and cultural heritage and natural and recreational resources, contributing both to the development of internal tourism and receiving foreign citizens. Taking into account the above factors, the area of \u200b\u200btourism of the republic should be declared the priority direction of the national economy.

Objective of the project:

• Contribute to further formation in the territory of the Spassky district of the modern tourist industry as one of the leading sectors of specialization.

Tasks:

• Collection of information about the recreational resources of the Spassky district
• Development of an excursion program on the Spassky district for several days with a visit to such places as Rabiga - Kul, Suvav, p. Antonovka, Bulgarian settlement and others.
• Creation of a presentation "Development of a tourist route on the historical and natural attractions of the Spassky district."

2. Project methodology.

Creating a new excursion for any topic is a complex process.

Preparation of the new excursion passes several steps:

• Preliminary work - selection of materials for future excursion, their study. At the same time, the selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.
• Direct development of the tour itself includes: drawing up a sightseeing route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several major issues

1. Determining the goal and tasks of the excursion - work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its goal. It helps the authors of the excursion more organized work in the future. The purpose of the excursion is that the sake of what the historians of history and culture monuments and other objects are shown.
2. Selection of literature and bibliography - During the development of a new excursion, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines that reveal the subject are drawn up. The appointment of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, assist guesses to the use of the necessary actual and theoretical material in the preparation of the text.
3. Selection and study of excursion objects - the correct selection of objects, their number, the show sequence affects the quality of the excursion. As objects can be:

• memorable places associated with historical events in the life of our city, the development of society and the state;
• buildings and structures, memorial monuments associated with the life and activities of outstanding personalities;
• natural facilities - forests, groves, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds, reserves and reserves;
• monuments of archeology - settlements, ancient parking, settlements, mounds with burials, earth shafts, sanctuary, etc.;

To evaluate objects that are included in the excursion, it is recommended to use the following criteria:

Cognitive value - the connection of the object with a specific historical event, with a certain era, the life and creativity of the famous figure of science and culture, artistic advantages of the monument, the possibility of their use in the aesthetic education of the participants of the excursion.

Fame of object, its popularity among the population.

Unusual (exotic) object. This refers to the peculiarity, the uniqueness of the monument of history and culture, buildings, structures. The unusual object may also be associated with some historical event, on the site of installing this monument, with a legend or historical event. Exotic can be natural.

Expressiveness of the object, that is, the external expressiveness of the object, its interaction with the background, the environment - buildings, structures, nature.

Save object. An assessment of the state of the object at the moment, its preparedness to show excursors.

Location of the object. When selecting objects, the distance to the monument must be taken into account, the convenience of the entrance to it, the suitability of the road for vehicles, the possibility of suite to the object of sightseers, the natural environment surrounding this object, the presence of a place suitable for the location of the group in order to observe.

Temporary limitation of the display of the object (by time of day, by day, months, seasons) is when visiting and inspection of the object is impossible due to poor visibility or seasonality

3. Tourism in the Spassky district.

The development of tourism in the Spassky Municipal district should consider not only the development of the Bulgarian State Museum-Reserve and the adjacent infrastructure, but the integrated development of the entire Spasskaya tourist zone and in general the development of tourism in Tatarstan.

The ancient city of Bulgaria is one of the iconic tourist infrastructure of Tatarstan. Along with the island-Grad, Sviyazisk, he entered the list of historical and cultural heritage objects developed with the participation of the Revival Foundation under the personal control of Rustam Minnikhanov and the first President of the Republic of Tajikistan. In 2014, the ancient city visited 285 thousand people, of which 2 thousand are foreign tourists.

One of the main events and the results of five years of work of the Revival Foundation was the inclusion of Bulgaria to the listUNESCO World Heritage Site

Bulgarian is a city that is visited with excursions only for one day.

As a rule, tourists in Tatarstan come to a three-day tour and come to Bulgar only for one day. Perhaps partly because there are no spent routes for a longer time,

although, in addition to historical sites in the Spassky district, beautiful nature. Thus, perhaps, it would be possible to attract rest in nature in a beautiful and historically significant place. Why not?

Tourists will be able to come and families, and the infrastructure in our area develops, is currently being builtnew modern hotel. .

In addition, our places are also pilgrimage, so you can develop religious tourism.

It is necessary to understand that Bulgarians have already walked beyond the route of one day. The exposition of the place is such that tourists can stay for two days and even more. The Volga water area and nature itself contribute to the creation of tourist hiking routes. That is, this is not only a cultural and informative visit, but also rest in nature and fresh air.

The only problem of Bulgaria is the lack of placement sites, and, of course, if a functional hotel and entertainment complex will soon be built there, then it is possible and our project will become interesting, as it has been offered a longer and interesting route.

4. Finding a route.

	Description of the main display objects	Note
	So, our excursion begins with the most distant point of the route - the ancient city of Suvav. It was founded by the tribe of Suwarov (Savirov, Suzov) on the river, which is currently called dry duck. It happened, approximately in the first century. And the flowering of the city falls on the first half of the twentieth century. Now, in the place of Suwara, the village of Kuznechikha is located. Based the city, the inhabitants acquired it with a high wooden wall, in front of which the deep rally was pulled out, the shafts were poured, and in some places even in two rows. The remains of the shafts and the pvv are preserved to the present. Soon, after the foundation, Suvvar became a major center of crafts and trade. Handicrafts from Suwar were made by their artificial hands beautiful, richly ornamed dishes made from clay, distinguished from the gonchar products from other places. There were in the city and wonderful blacksmiths, builders, metallurgists, jewelers, gunsmiths and masters for the manufacture of glassware.	Bulgarian ceramics found in Suwar, in the Museum of the Kuznechikhi Defensive ditch of the Suvorsky settlement
	The next item of our route Antonovka is the name of the abyss today, in honor of the head of the crossing excitement here Anton Sidorov. This is a rather large village in which more than 700 people live. The view of Antonovka opens with a high kosoyra. Silhouettes of squat houses are hidden behind the trees, but still from afar among them allocated an unusual for the modern village built - a white high building with columns. This is a former Barsky house, which is rarely found now, there is still a school. Another such in the republic is probably not found. Children go every day to learn in a real castle, where everything breathes unfading antique. A two-storey mansion, built in the style of a lush baroque, retained his characteristic features - they were erected by the visitors of the Master.	Monument to Anton - Petrov Manor landowners Music-Pushkin - architectural monument 1st floor. 19 B.
	Our path continues, and Kaiuki village awaits us ahead. Alisha's name is inextricably linked with the history of our region.Abdulla Alish - Our countryman, a native village of Kayuki Spassky district. In the libraries of the district, in the local history museum, in the museum of Alisha in the village of Kayuki there are many books, materials, exhibits, documents that help to reveal and evaluate the huge talent and the heroic life of Alisha. They should be widely acquainted with the population, especially schoolchildren and young people, and not only our Area, Republic, but also all the corners of the world, all those who at least once heard the name Abdulla Alisha.	Bust A. Alisha A. Nisha Museum in the village of Kayuki
	Spassky district There are places that are distinguished by the special natural beauty, wealth of plant and animal world. The largest in the republic in the area (about 18 thousand hectares) The Natural Reserve "Spassky" is an axle of the islands in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Kuibyshev reservoir. One of them was not attended by the Name of the Old Title - there was no time there was a county savory. In these places there is an opportunity to develop ecological tourism, create environmental trails, in addition to historical to tourists, unique habitats of animals and birds (within reasonable, of course, not to interfere with it), for example, from a small observation deck. They would have installed a pickup pipe - and watch the eagleans-Belochlosts right in the nest. And how romantic to walk along the old bridges, to touch the ground, where the Great Catherine was. On the island, the Old Town has survived fragments of ancient Spasskaya prison, pedecutive, notable archaeological and historical monuments. Many people would come here to go fishing with a fishing rod, but prohibited travel through the territory of the reserve. This question can be resolved by creating, for example, a special corridor. And so that the location for the fire was determined.	The reserve is the territory on which individual types of animals and plants are protected, visiting is allowed for all people. Among the notable inhabitants of the Old Town - steppe viper. It is in the reserve "Spassky" there is its northernmost population in Europe Water area of \u200b\u200bthe company "Spassky"
	The next object of our attention isLake Rabigi or Rabiga Kul. It is located on the outskirts of the city of Bulgaria and is considered one of the most crystal clear and mysterious lakes of Tatarstan.Nature near the lake painted, and the natural reservoir itself is considered not only a local landmark, but also a shrine for Muslims.About the most beautiful lake, which is located along the line of trees in the west of the settlement, among the population of Tatarstan there was a lot of legends. One of them tells about the daughter of the Bulgarian Khan, who once went to walk with his rows on the forest edge. There girls turned into swans. Khan went hunting, and shot one of the swans, he learned his beloved daughter in him. Han was bored all night, and soon at the very place where Khan tears flowed, the lake was formed, the cleanest and deep.Today it is a lake is one of the ancient memos of the history of the Tatar people. Muslim pilgrims from all over the world are sent here, in order to pray for the most intimate lake in the holy water.	Lake Rabigi or Rabiga Kul
	The main attraction of the village at all times was lakes, soour excursion continues again on the lake, in the village which is called - "Three Lakes" The historical names of these lakes are recorded in the "list of settlements of the Kazan province" for 1859 - Ataman, pure and Kuryshevsky. In the Soviet times of the lake, the Ataman, pure and unnamed - first in the surprise, and then in official documents. In 1978, all three lakes were declared monuments of the nature of the Republic of Tatarstan and entered into the inventory of specially protected natural territories.	On the shore of a clean lake is a temple similar to a majestic castle. This is one of the oldest and beautiful churches of the Spassky district, which was built in 1771 on the means of landlord of Lion Ivanovich Morazolov.Temple is an architectural monument

5. Transcue

Tourism as one of the most popular types of outdoor activities is an integral part of a person's life with its natural aspirations to the discovery and knowledge of new regions, monuments of nature, history and culture, customs and traditions of various peoples. The organization of an active, meaningful rest has become an important social task. Tourism is an important factor in human health, increasing its creative activity, expansion of the horizon.

Tourism is the most important means of education, which, thanks to its manifold and versatility, opens up ample opportunities for practical training of a small citizen to great life.

The development of this project is due to the desire to increase interest in the history and culture of Tatarstan. Cause the interest of children and adults to the history of small homeland through the organization of excursion routes to historical monuments of the native land.

6. Used literature.

1. Abramov L. Spassky legends. - Kazan: in city and water, 2003. - 429 p.

2. Burtin E.A. Volga Atlantis: the tragedy of the Great River. Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) 2005g-287

3. Taysin A.S. Geography of the Republic of Tatarstan. - Kazan: IGAID, 2000. - 223 p.

4. State Register of the PAs in the Republic of Tajikistan. Edition Second. - Kazan: Idelp Press, 2007. - 408.

5. Reserved places. - Kazan, Idek press, 2007.

6. Atlas Tar.tarika. - Kazan: Institute of History. S. Mardzhani An.

7. Republic Tatarstan, Ministry of Education and Science.

8. I know the world. Geography. - Moscow: AST, 2005

9. R.G. Fahrutdinov History of the Tatar People and Tatarstan Kazan

Publishing house "Magarif" 1995

10. www.tourfactor.ru.

11. www.personalguide.ru.

12. www.tattravel.ru.

13. www.bolgar-portal.ru.

14. www.goldcompass.ru.

15. www.bolgar.info.

16.Http: //komanda-k.ru/

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