Fire retardant rescue boats. Modern rescue equipment. Planting people are produced by stormtrapa

1. Cups from fiberglass, non-combustible, durable to withstand:

a blow to the board of the vessel with a descent rate of at least 3.5 m / s and dropping into water from a height of at least 3 m, the load without deformation 2 times, when it is completely loaded by people and supply, buoyancy compartments filled with buoyancy foam 28 kg per person, planting places with belts and clear notation.

2. Elements of the case.

entrance hatches for sitting people including on a stretcher, ventilation heads, portholes (cheerlets for fun), fuel tanks, battery pipe, receiver for connecting the sleeve from the firewall of the vessel, the Kingston hole with the valve.

3. Mechanical installation.

Mechanical installation - Diesel "Lister" with a reverse reducer transmission 3: 1 36 liters. with., Having used equipment with providing systems and two couplings (for vintage on screw and water irrigation pump). Diesel administration is remotely remotely from the steering post. DVS 3-cylinder, single-row, 4-stroke.

4. Systems of the engine and boat.

The fuel system is 2 tanks of 130 liters per 24 hours of operation of the OI. The cooling system of the engine is 2-contour (antifreeze and water). Gold pipeline DVS - metalworking, silencer, outlet nozzle. Draining system - hand pump, sideling hose, nozzle and float shore valve. Natural ventilation system

through hatches and ventilation waterproof valves.

5. Boat device:

lifting-trigger - nuts, their control cable and control handle device in the cutting steering, steering device - steering wheel, spooling column on the steering wheel with a nozzle, a mooring and towing device - for the pharynie and two tugs (on the nose and stern), the surfactant - handrails, suspended ladders, leerer, anchor device - floating anchor with tremete and niral.

6. Boat equipment.

one). Electrical equipment - voltage network 12 volts.

a) Sources - generator and rechargeable battery.

b) consumers - lamps, starter, spotlight.

Note:

The boat is supplied with a 12 V DC voltage cable.

2). Cataphs - Lights of reflective material.

3). Navigation equipment - magnetic compass with backlit.

1.4. A closed rescue boat of the project 02340. (not tanker).

1. The boat housing device.

one). The fiberglass sheath is an external thickness of 8 mm, filler (rigid polyurethane foam) and an inner 4 mm thick.

2). Two side hatches for landing / disembarking the crew and passengers and reception of people from the water.

2. Ringing steering:

Rotating chair with seat belts

Diesel office on the left side (handle: forward - neutral, front turn, back - reverse)

Steering wheel control with steering wheel

Handle control nuts

Boat electrical switch - left

Magnetic compass

Dashboard of control and measuring instruments and diesel signaling devices.

3. Steering hatch cover:

Top light lamp

Spotlight

The sleeve of entering the remote control cable of the winch.

4. The left side of the logging has a booset cable input connector, the feed wall of the cutting has a radar reflector bracket.

5. 15 places to accommodate the crew and passengers.

7. Motor compartment and grip - in the stern of the boat.

8. Manual drainage pump - on the feed wall of the boat.

9. Boxes for storing property - in the nose of the boat.

10. Side borders for collecting rainwater.

11. On the side walls of the sled, and inside the mechanisms of their returns (handles).

Rescue equipment is a complex of means to rescue people with a sinking vessel or in case of falling abroad. It includes rescue tools and devices for their installation, fastening on the vessel and descent to water. It is a collective (boat, rafts, rescue tables) and individual (rescue circles, bibs, vests) use.

Slopbank is a device for descending the boat from the boat of the vessel on the water and lifting it on board. Every boat serves two boats. The totality of the boat, killeklock, as well as the deck lifting mechanisms for the rise and descent of the boat on the water is a boat device.

Each unit consists of an arrow, supporting structure, a boat hoist (boat) and a mechanism that provides movement, such as winches.

Sancts can be: horizontal, winding and swivel.

Sancts are divided into 3 types: horizontal, winding and swivel.

Horizontal(Inclusive, gravitational, roll-down or hinged), the slopes are falling out under the action of mass, their own and boat, after returning the hits, hiking stopper and ribbon brakes of the winch. The advantage of this design is that the boats can be stored on highly located decks and far from the side; The disadvantage - in winter, due to the frost of the guides of the station Before the descent of the boat on the water, it is possible to need to be cleaned with ice from them.

Design walking(folding), the saupplicas ensures the dumping and bumping by special screw and gear devices. Often, such a design is used on small ships and courts. The disadvantage of all, except for the sickle, winding slopes, is that the distance between their pair should exceed the length of the boat serviced by them, which inevitably leads the irrational use of the area of \u200b\u200bthe boat deck.

Collective ship rescue (CCCs) are funds that can be used by a group of people.

The collective SCCs and their triggers must ensure reliable and safe work so that they can be lowered for water with the smallest sediment of the vessel with a roll of 20 ° to any board and differentiate 10 °.

Landing people in rescue means and the latter descent on water in calm conditions should not exceed the time: 10 min - for cargo ships; 30 min - for passenger and commercial vessels of an unlimited area of \u200b\u200bswimming.

Rescue boats And rescue rafts, as a rule, should be placed on one deck, it is allowed to place rescue rafts per deck above or below the deck on which rescue boats are installed.

Rescue boats.

Lifeboat - This is a boat capable of ensuring the preservation of the lives of people who endure disaster from the moment the vessel is left. It is this purpose that determines all the requirements for the design and supply of rescue boats.

By the way of delivery of water, rescue boats are divided into descended by mechanical means and descended by a free drop.

Regardless of the constructive differences, all rescue boats must: have good stability and buoyancy stock even when filling with water, high maneuverability; ensure reliable self-restoration on a smooth keel when tipping; have a mechanical engine with remote control from cutting, providing the speed of the boat on a quiet water with a complete set of people at least 6 tons and protected from random strikes of a rowing screw; Be painted in orange.

On the perimeter of the boat, under the fitted timber and on the deck sticks strips from reflective material. In the nasal and stern parts on the top of the closure, crosses from reflective material are superimposed.

Fig.73. Lifeboat closed type.

Rescue boats for oil ships have a flame retardant design, equipped with systems: irrigation, providing passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes; Compressed air, ensuring the safety of people and operation of the engines for 10 minutes. Boat housings are manufactured double, they must have high strength; Cutting should provide circular visibility, the portholes are made of fire-resistant glass.

The rescue boat must be equipped with an internal combustion engine with compression ignition: the engine must work at least 5 minutes from the moment of starting in the cold state, when the boat is outside the water;

The speed of the boat on a quiet water with a complete set of people and supply should be at least 6 bonds; The fuel supply should be sufficient for the engine to work with a full course within 24 hours.

Fig.74. Open-type rescue boat.

To ensure the possibility of using a boat with unqualified people (for example, passengers) on a well-visible place near the engine control authorities, an instruction manual on the start and operation of the engine must be provided, the controls must have appropriate marking.

If the vessel has a partially closed rescue boats, their slopes should be equipped with a hike with at least two rescue pendants attached to it.

Topric - The cable stretched between the tip of the boat.

Rescue pendant - vegetable or synthetic rope with mousing (nodes), used as an emergency to descend from the boat in the boat or into water.

Information about the capacity of the boat, as well as its main dimensions are applied on its board in the nasal part of the indelible paint; There also shows the name of the vessel, the port of the registry (letters of the Latin alphabet) and the boat ship number. Marking, on which you can install a ship to which the boat belongs, and its number should be visible from above.

Fig.75. Marking of the rescue boat.

The boat must be either self-having, or have a manual pump to remove water.

Rescue boat should be equipped running valve. The trigger valve (one or two, depending on the size of the boat) is installed at the bottom of the bottom of the boat for the water descent. The valve automatically opens when the boat is outside the water, and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. Usually this task is performed by a float type valve. When storing a boat on board the ship, the shutter valve must be opened to ensure the flow of any water in the boat. When preparing a boat to the water descent, the valve must be closed with a cap or cork.

The boats, descended on the waist, are equipped with a disobedient mechanism, which is designed in such a way that both nuts are given at the same time. At the same time, the disagreement mechanism provides two ways of disagreement: the usual - disobeds occurs after the boat is descended to water when the load on the nuts disappears; Under the load - when the disassemble can be produced both on water and on the weight in the presence of loads on the nuts.

On the top of the closure, a signal light is installed with a manual switch, which gives constant or flashing (50-70 glimpses per minute) fire white color. Power battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

Rescue boats with an autonomous air supply system must be arranged so as to provide closed inputs and holes a normal operation of the engine at least 10 minutes. At the same time, the air must remain safe and suitable for breathing.

Fig.76. Disobstructive devices.

Fire-proof rescue boats should ensure the safety of people in them for at least 8 minutes, while on the water in the zone covering it from all sides of the fire, and the air temperature at the head level of the sitting person should not exceed 60 ° C. Usually such boats to increase fire resistance are equipped with water irrigation system. For irrigation, intricate water is used. The water intake system is located in the lower part of the boat in such a way as to exclude entering the combustible liquids from the water surface.

Boats supply.

Each rescue boat must have a supply of the requirements of the International SOLAS-74 Convention, including: on rowing boats, one floating paddle on the rowing plus two spare and one steering, on the motor - four oars with floors attached to the socket boat enclosure (chains); two spleen hooks; Floating anchor with a cable length equal to three boat lengths, and a delay fixed for the vertex of the anchor cone; Two phases of at least 15 meters long; two axes, one in each tip of the boat to overrub the phalim when leaving the vessel; the food diet and the supply of drinking water 3 liters per each; fishing equipment; Signal means: Four parachute red rockets, six redfielders of red, two smoke checkers, electric lamp with a device for alarm in the Morse code in a waterproof version (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light), one signal mirror - heliograph - with instructions for use , signal whistle or equivalent signaling device, rescue tables;

Fig.77. Parachute rocket.

Searchlight capable of continuous operation within 3 hours; first aid kit, 6 tablets from sea disease and one hygienic package per person; The folding knife attached by the stitch to the boat, and the three canvochetors; Manual drainage pump, two buckets and scoop; Fire extinguisher for extinguishing of burning oil; A set of spare parts and engine tools (on motor boats); radar reflector; Crop with compass; Individual heat shielding agents in the amount of 10% of the boat passenger complex (but at least two).

Once a month, the boat supply should be checked, ventilated and dryed.

Fig.78. Boat supply.

Boat descent.

Boats descended by mechanical means are installed horizontally on both sides of the vessel. The boat is a device for storing a boat having tilting beams used during descent and boat lifting.

The descent of the boat is carried out on the vocabulary along the boards of the vessel until the boat is on the water.

The blades are steel cables attached to the boat in its tips and spending on the winch, designed for descent and boat lifting.

The slope of the boat occurs only under the action of gravity or accumulated mechanical energy and does not depend on ship sources.

The control of the boat descending on the waist can be carried out both from the deck of the vessel and from the boat. This allows at favorable weather conditions not to leave the descent command on board.

A feature of the most common gravitational boats is the dumping of the boat under the action of gravity after the recoil of the papers. They are distinguished by the speed of dumping - no more than 2 minutes, reliable operation when roll to 20 °.

Fig.79. Fastening the rescue boat on board the ship.

Gravitational boats are divided into roll-on (sliding), in which the boat suspended with it hung to it on the guides of the beds on the rollers, dumping the boat, and the hinge, dumping the boat due to the rotation around the hinge, located at the lower end of the boat.

Each pair of boat serves one boat winch with manual or mechanical drive.

Each boat in the area of \u200b\u200bits installation has a boarding stormtrape, the tents of which are made from the Manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and balasins are from solid wood of 480x115x25 mm.

The upper end of the ladder should be fixed at its regular place (under a boat), and the storm itself is in the rolled form, always ready to use.

Fig.80. Boat winch.

Fig.81. Stormtrap.

A number of actions must be completed before the water boat.

1) Delivery to the hardware boat and supply required for survival after leaving the vessel:

Portable VHF radio station and radar beacon-respondent (SART);

Fig.82. Radar Lighthouse Respondent (SART) and portable VHF radio stations.

Warm things (blankets);

Additional stock of food and water;

Additional stock of pyrotechnic alarm means.

2) Before descent to water, it is necessary to close the trigger with a trigger (located at the bottom point of the case and has the appropriate labeling).

3) If necessary, prepare for the use of failie from emergency supply, which are attached to the tips of the boat and spread along the side. The boat descended on the blades along the side in the storm conditions, it is necessary to hold from screaming and beating about the board of the ship. If the boat is designed when the vessel has a move regarding the water, then in this case it is also necessary to use the pharyes to hold the boat in the side.

On the descent, the phalim boat is stored in a tight duck or other suitable design elements. If the length of the phale allows, then it is preferable to the factory with a dupless (wiring around a structural element and returning the end end to the boat) so as not to leave the vessel of people who would have to go down to the boat on the storm.

4) Remove the lonely fence of the landing deck.

5) Preparation of stormtrapa.

6) Returning of Knights.

7) The return of the stopper of the Sanctory.

Fig.83. Planting the crew and boat shutting.

Landing people in the boat, descended on the waist, can be produced: on passenger ships - or on the site of its installation, or from the landing deck; On the cargo ships - at the installation site.

Further shutdown management is made with a manual brake of the winch of the trigger. The brake is released, and the boat under the action of its own gravity begins to pour overboard the boats and descend. When boarding passengers from the landing deck, the descent is slowed down, withdrawing the boat into the landing deck level.

After planting people in the boat, the handbrake is released, and the boat falls on the water.

Disobeds with vocabies should be done at the time when the boats is located on the wave sole: passing this position, the boat will start climbing the comb, and the load on the fats will be absent.

Falinies are attached so that the boat is in a side of the storm. After the last person moves from the ship to the boat, the Falini is released (as a last resort, they are rented by axes located in the tips of the boat), and the boat departs from the ship. It is recommended to preserve the phalims, because They may be needed for towing, to combine with other rescue tools, to pull the boat ashore, and the like.

Fig.84. Return of the boattool.

In recent years, rescue began to apply boats of free fall. The boat housing has a stronger construction and well-streamlined smooth circuits that prevent a strong blow when the boat is input into water. Since when you hit the water, overload occurs, special chairs are installed in the boat, having shock absorbing pads.

Fig.85. Boat of free fall.

Before the gathering of the boat from the ramp-elling, all people in the boat must securely secure themselves seat belts with a quick-rotating buckle and a special head lock. Of great importance for the safe perception of dynamic loads has the correct position of the body in the chair, which should be worked out in training - during training boat alarms.

Free Fall Boats guarantee people's safety at a distance from the landing platform to the water surface of 20 m.

Free fall boats are considered the most reliable rescue tool that ensures the evacuation of people from a dying vessel under all weather conditions.

The rescue boat is a boat capable of ensuring the preservation of the life of people who endure disaster from the moment the vessel is left. It is this purpose that determines all the requirements for the design and supply of rescue boats.

Fig. Lifeboat boats of closed and open types

All rescue boats must:

Have a good stability and supply of buoyancy even when filling with water, high maneuverability;

Ensure reliable self-restoration on a smooth keel when tipping;

Have a mechanical engine with remote control from cutting; Be painted in orange.

The rescue boat must be equipped with an internal combustion engine with compression ignition:

The engine must work at least 5 minutes from the moment of starting in the cold state when the boat is outside the water;

The speed of the boat on a quiet water with a complete set of people and supply should be at least 6 knots;

The fuel supply should be sufficient for the engine to work with a full course within 24 hours.

If the vessel has a partially closed rescue boats, their slopes should be equipped with a hike with at least two rescue pendants attached to it.

The saving stock of the boat is provided by airboxes - hermetic, filled with air or foam compartments, the volume of which is determined, taking into account the heads of people sitting in the boat above the water surface, even if the boat is completely flooded.

Information about the capacity of the boat, and its main dimensions are applied on its board in the nasal part of the indelible paint, the name of the vessel, the port of the registry (letters of the Latin alphabet) and the ship number of the boat are indicated. Marking, on which you can install a ship to which the boat belongs, and its number should be visible from above.

Fig. Marking of the rescue boat

Inside the boat is installed an electric bulb. Power battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours. On the top of the closing, a signal light is installed with a manual switch, which gives constant or flashing (50-70 glimpses per minute) of white fire. Power battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

Rescue boats for oil ships have a flame retardant design, equipped with an irrigation system that provides passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes, and compressed air, ensuring the safety of people and operation of the engines for 10 minutes. The boat housings are manufactured by double, they must have high strength, cutting should provide circular visibility, portholes from fire-resistant glass.

To ensure the use of a boat with unqualified people (for example, passengers) on a well-visible place near the engine control authorities, an instruction on starting and operating the engine must be provided, and the controls must have appropriate labeling.

Weeklyall rescue boats and rafts, duty boats and triggers inspected visually to ensure their constant readiness for use. Motors of all rescue and duty boats should work at least 3 minutes. Rescue boats, for the exception of free fall boats, should be stronat from their installation locations. The results of the inspection are entered into the ship log.

Monthlyall rescue boats, with the exception of boats of free fall, fall out from their places to install without people in the boat. Supply checking in order to make sure of their completeness and good condition.

Each rescue boat, with the exception of boats of free fall, descends, and then maneuver on the water with a control command painted on it at least once every 3 months.

Boat descent.Boats descended by mechanical means are installed horizontally on both sides of the vessel. A boat is a device designed to store a boat having tilting beams used during descent and boat lifting.

Fig. Fastening the rescue boat on board the vessel

In the marching position, the boat is installed on the boat, for this there are one-sided killels on which the boat is based on. For a more dense fit of the boat to killeblocks, the latter are equipped with a felt pillow closed by a sail. The boat is fixed with a novel with verb nuts, which are definitely given before the descent.

Before the shower boat is pre-:

Deliver equipment and supply required for survival after leaving the vessel: a portable VHF radio station and a radar beacon-respondent, warm things, an additional stock of food and water, an additional stock of pyrotechnic alarms;

Remove the leather fencing of the landing deck; prepare a storm trap; send a night; Load the stopper of the slop.

Rescue boat should be equipped trigger,which is installed at the bottom of the bottom of the boat for the water descent. The valve automatically opens when the boat is outside the water, and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. When preparing a boat to the water descent, the valve must be closed with a cap or cork.

The boat dropping occurs only under the action of gravity and is carried out with the help of a boat tale. Before starting the descent, a stopper on the boats and smoothly stroke the lopera tale, for which we gradually give the brake of the boat winch. Uniform strooping of the nasal and feed tale is achieved by the fact that both blades are fixed on the drum of one boat winch. After the dumpling reaches the limit position, the vertical descent of the boat on the water begins.

The blades are steel cables attached to the boat in its tips and spending on the winch, designed for descent and boat lifting. Blades should periodically

In order to exclude the possibility of a boat descending until it is full of falling overboard, there is a horn on the boat, which is hung up an earring of the rolling block of the boat. The length and shape of the horns are chosen in such a way that the moving unit falls from it only with the lower limit position of the boat.

Control of the shower boat on the waist can be carried out both from the deck of the vessel and from the boat. This allows at favorable weather conditions not to leave the descent command on board.

Fig. Descent of the rescue boat. Fig. Boat winch

After the shutter of the boat on the water lay down the lower blocks of the boat. It is very important, especially on excitement, both blocks lay out simultaneously. For this, the boat has hypers with a common drive. In this case, the simultaneous return of both nuts is carried out by turning the drive handle.

Landing people are produced through stormtrapa. On the go and on the excitement, the boat usually descend with people. Landing people in this case is made either in the boat installed on the killeblocks, or after the boat is designed to the deck level with which it is most convenient to plant.

Fig. Planting the crew and boat descent

Each boat in the area of \u200b\u200bits installation has a boarding storm, the tents of which are made from the Manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and the bales of solid wood of a 480x115x25 mm. The upper end of the ladder should be fixed at its regular place (under the boat), and the storm itself must be in the rolled form, always ready to use.

After the last person moves from the ship to the boat, the Falini is released (as a last resort, they are rented by axes located in the tips of the boat), and the boat departs from the ship. It is recommended to preserve the phalims, because They can still need.

Supply boats. Each rescue boat should have a supply, respectively, the requirements of the International SOLAS-74 Convention, including:

On the rowing boats, one floating paddle on the rowing plus two spare and one steering, on the motor - four oars with floors attached to the SAT rate boat housing (chains); two spleen hooks;

Floating anchor with a cable length equal to three boat lengths, and a delay fixed for the vertex of the anchor cone; Two phases of at least 15 meters long;

Two axes, one in each tip of the boat to overrub the phalim when leaving the vessel;

The food diet and the supply of drinking water 3 liters per each; Stainless bucket with stern and stainless graduated vessel; fishing equipment;

Signal facilities: Four parachute red rockets, six redfielders of red, two smoke checkers, an electric lamp with a device for alarm to the Morse code in a waterproof version (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light), one signal mirror - heliograph- with instructions for its use, signal whistle or an equivalent signaling device, rescue tables;

Searchlight capable of continuous operation within 3 hours;

First aid kit, 6 tablets from sea disease and one hygienic package per person;

The folding knife attached by the stitch to the boat, and the three canvochetors;

Manual drainage pump, two buckets and scoop;

Fire extinguisher for extinguishing of burning oil;

Set of spare parts and engine tools;

Radar reflector or sart;

Crop with compass;

Individual heat shielding agents in the amount of 10% of the passenger-style boat (but at least two).

Fig. Rescue boat inside

Boats of free fall. The boat housing has a stronger construction and well-streamlined smooth circuits that prevent a strong blow when the boat is input into water. Since when you hit the water, overload occurs, special chairs are installed in the boat, having shock absorbing pads.

Fig. Boat of free fall

Before the gathering of the boat with the ramp, the crew must securely secure himself with seat belts and a special head lock. Free Fall Boats guarantee people's safety when falling from a height of up to 20 meters.

Free fall boats are considered the most reliable rescue tool that ensures the evacuation of people from a dying vessel under all weather conditions.

Duty rescue boat. This is a type of rescue boats designed to rescue people from water (fallen overboard or detected in the sea) and for collecting rescue boats and rafts.

Fig. Duty rescue boat

The advantage of the boat is the speed and reliability of the descent and lifting on board on the go with a slight excitement. A powerful stationary or suspension motor allows you to quickly examine the area of \u200b\u200bthe fall of a person overboard, raise it and deliver it to the ship. The duty boat is capable of performing rescue operations in storm conditions and with limited visibility. The duty boats are in constant readiness. The preparation and descent of the boat are produced in 5 minutes.

The boat provides a place to transport the rescued in the lying position. The engine power provides speed of at least 8 nodes, and the fuel reserve is enough for 3 hours of full stroke. Rowing screw is protected to prevent injury to people in the sea.

Rescue rafts

A rescue rack is a raft that is able to ensure the preservation of the lives of people who endure disaster from the moment the vessel is left. Its design should be such in order to handle the effect of the environment for at least 30 days with any hydrometeers.

Fig. Installation of PSNs on board the vessel

The rafts are manufactured by a capacity of at least 6 and usually up to 25 people (rafts can meet with a capacity of up to 150 people.). The amount of rafts is calculated in such a way that the overall capacity of the rescue rafts available on each board was sufficient to accommodate 150% of the total number of people on the vessel.

On ships, where the distance from the nasal or feeder to the nearest fleet exceeds 100 m, an additional raft must be installed. Nearby should be kept at least 2 vests and 2 wetsuits, and we must have landing agents from each board (on high-speed ships - landing ladders, low-voltage - rescue pendants with mousing.

The total weight of the fleet, its container and supply should not exceed 185 kg, except in cases when the raft is designed to descend with an approved trigger or when it is not necessary to transfer it from the side on board.

According to the method of delivery of water, rescue rafts are divided into descended by mechanical means (with the help of plot balkas) and discharged. The descent rafts are installed mainly on passenger ships, since the landing in them is carried out at the level of the deck, which is a big advantage in saving passengers who can be in a variety of physical and mental state.

The main distribution, due to its compactness, received the rafts of an inflatable type (PSN - raft rescating inflatable).

The main elements of the rescue fleet are:

Buoyancy chamber (ensures the buoyancy of the fleet);

The bottom is a waterproof element that provides insulation from cold water;

Awning is a waterproof element that provides insulation of the sub-venerable space from heat and cold.

Fig. Inflatable rescue rack

The airborne air buoyancy chamber consists of at least two independent compartments, in order to damage the same compartment, the remaining compartments could provide a positive surface board and keep the regular number of people and supply. Usually, the compartments are arranged by rings one over the other, which allows not only to ensure sufficient buoyancy, but also maintain the area for placement of people during the damage to one compartment.

To ensure the ability to maintain the operating pressure in the compartments, valves are installed for manual pumping pump or furs.

The problem of thermal insulation of the sub-veneered space is usually solved by installing an awning consisting of two layers of waterproof material with an air layer. The outdoor color is made orange. For installation of an awning in inflatable rafts, arched type supports are made automatically with the buoyancy chamber. The height of the awning is made so that the person can be in a sitting position in any part of the sub-venerable space.

On the tenth should be:

At least one viewing window;

A device for collecting rainwater;

Device for installing a radar reflector or sart;

Bands of white retroreflective material.

On the top of the awning, the signal fire is installed, automatically turned on when the awning is disclosed. Power battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

An internal light source with a manual switch is installed inside the raft, capable of working continuously for at least 12 hours.

On the external perimeter of the fleet buoyancy chamber, a rescue leather is attached to help get to the entrance. A life-rescue leather is also installed on the inner perimeter, helping people to hold during a storm.

The inputs into rescue rafts are equipped with special devices that help people climb from water inside the root. At least one of the inlets at the water level should be equipped with a landing site. The inputs that are not equipped with the landing area must have landing ladders, the lower step of which is below the waterline at least 0.4 meters.

On the bottom of the inflatable fleet around the perimeter are installed water-filled pockets. They are replicating down bags with holes at the top. The holes are made sufficiently large to for 25 seconds after the raft turns out to be in the open state on the water, the pockets are filled with no less than 60%.

Pockets perform two functions:

Ensure stability, which is especially relevant during the storm, when the open raft is on water without people;

The revealed raft has a very large surface sailing in comparison with the submerged part, which leads to a strong wind drift. Water filled pockets, significantly reduce the wind drift of the fleet. For the inflation of the flesh to his bottom, a non-toxic gas cylinder is attached, closed special launch valvewhich opens when the starting line attached to it is tensioning. When opening the starting valve, the gas fills the compartments within 1 - 3 minutes.

Starting linet has a double purpose:

Used to open the valve on the cylinder with gas;

It is used to hold the root on the water from the ship.

Length of starting line is at least 15 meters.

Installing PSNs.On the PSN vessel (the raft is a rescue inflatable) is stored in a plastic container consisting of two halves, hermeticly connected and bonded by bandage tapes.

The strength of the tapes, or connecting the ends of the links of the links, is calculated on the gap from the internal pressure of the gas when the fleet is inflated.

The container with a raft is installed on a special frame, pressed against it by Nietov, headed for the return device.

Fig. PSN mounting scheme to vessel: 1 - hits; 2 - verb-gas; 3 - launcher; 4 - hydrostat; 5 - weak link; 6 - Banding Tape

The trigger of the rescue rafts should provide a safe descent of the fleet with a complete set of people and supply with a roll to 20 ° to any board and differentiate up to 10 °.

Installation of the fleet provides two ways to exemplate from hits manual and automatic.

For hand liberationthe fleet from the hits is enough to reset from the verb-nut locking link. There are devices that have the liberation of the nights take place by turning a special handle, the pins holding the indigenous ends of Knight. Such a device is applied when several rafts are placed on one frame with each other. In such a design, both a consistent reset of rafts and reset all the rafts by turning one handle is provided.

For automatic liberationthe fleet when the ship is immersed under water in the separating device turns on hydrostat -a device that frees the hits at a depth of no more than 4 meters.

According to the principle of operation, hydrostates are dividing type and cutting.

IN cutting type hydrostatein the initial state, the spring-loaded knife is held by the locking pin, fixed on the spring-loaded membrane. The space above the membrane is hermetically closed, so when immersed in water, the pressure begins to grow only under the membrane. The rigidity of the spring, holding the membrane, is calculated that at a depth of up to 4 meters the external pressure dropped the membrane and freed the knife. A compressed knife spring after release stretching sharply, and a rope loop, holding the knife, is cut.


Fig. Cutting type hydrostat

Hydrostate dismantling type. The housing of the hydrostatic type of dismantling type is sufficiently diverse, but they all use the mechanical principle of disconnection when the given pressure is reached on the sensing element. The housing of this hydrostat is divided by a membrane into two chambers, one of which is sealed, and water can act in the second diving.

Fig. Hydrostate dismantling type

The disconnecting head to which the lights are attached, is held from within the locking device, mechanically connected to the membrane.

The rigidity of the spring holding the membrane is calculated that under pressure of the water will be released by the disconnecting head of the hydrostat, which will lead to the release of the fleet from the novers.

When immersing the vessel, the container with PSN pops up, while the starting line is pulled out of the container. The connection of the starting line with the vessel is carried out through weak link.The discontinuous strength of the weak link is sufficient to pull the starting line from the container and opening the start valve. With further tension, the weak link is torn and the raft is released from attachment to the board of the vessel.

There are constructions where weak link is part of the root end of the starting line itself. The strength of the weak link is to hold the raft in the board in conditions of strong wind and excitement. Therefore, with a manual return, the first thing to be done before the welfare is made, choose a small portion of the starting line from the container and reliably tie it above the weak link to the vessel design (isolate the weak link). If you do not bind the starting line in the area of \u200b\u200bnormal strength, the raft will be cut off and was carried out.

The weak link is visually easy to distinguish: it can be a more subtle insert in the launcher or incision on the line.

Descent of PSNs into water.Landing into a discharge rescue raft is made after its opening on water, which makes a more complex landing procedure itself, but it is simpler and more reliable in a storm.

The strength of the discharged fleet should be sufficient to withstand its discharge in the container from a height of at least 18 meters and withstand multiple jumping of people on it from a height of at least 4.5 meters.

A brief instruction on bringing the fleet to the working condition and landing into it is applied to the air container and near the installation site.

The procedure for the descent of PSNs on water and landing includes the following actions:

Free noven;

Push the raft overboard. For a high-brewee vessel, it is not recommended to dump the raft at a roll over 15 ° from the side of the water from the water. Drop to the water, without touching the board, in this case it is unlikely, and the sloping from the water out of the water, which caused the shells, could lead to serious injury;

Pull the launcher from the container and pull hard;

The dropped raft pull into the board and secure the lin. If the raft revealed the bottom up, then there are special straps on the bottom of the fleet, taking off with their hands and rubbed into the edge of the bottom of the bottom, you can turn the raft into normal position. Since the raft has a large sailboat, then before turning it, it must be rotated so to be from a leeward side. In this case, the wind will help turn the raft;

Move into the raft, seeking to get into it dry:

You can jump on a raft from a height of up to 4.5 meters, if there is confidence that there are no people in it;

Can descend on the stormtrapa;

Can descend on the rescue pendant with the Mucing;

You can jump into the water next to the raft, and then climb into the raft;

Help others saving to climb into the raft (use a rescue ring with a linen of the emergency supply of the fleet).

After all the saves turned out to be on a raft or in water, but kept for the rescue leather of the flesh, it is necessary to move away from a sinking vessel to a safe distance, for what you need:

Cut the launcher. The knife is in his pocket on the tent of the fleet at the place of attachment of the Lena;

Select floating anchor;

Tighten water pockets;

Use an ears of emergency stock.

Fig. In a rescue raft and on the water

Water pockets create a significant resistance to movement. To the lower part of each pocket is attached to the protient, fixed by the upper part in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nearest entrance to the raft. It is necessary to pull out the stitch, squeeze water out of pocket, press the pocket to the bottom and secure the SCTERT in such a state.

Finding in close proximity to the vessel is dangerous for the following reasons:

The formation of a funnel when immersing the vessel under water;

The possibility of an explosion in the fire;

Falling from a sinking vessel of large floating objects;

The possibility of falling the vessel on board.

After departing to a safe distance, all rescue funds need to be united and held in the place of the death of the vessel. Association of rescue means allows you to:

Evenly distribute people, water, food, etc.;

More rationally use alarm means;

More rationally distribute human resources for work (watches, fishing, etc.).

The organization of the search and rescue operation will be started with the coordinates of the place of the death of the vessel, therefore, to reduce the wind drift, it is necessary to put floating anchors and omit water pockets.

Collective ship rescue (CCCs) are funds that can be used by a group of people.

Planting people in rescue tools and the latter descent on water in calm conditions should not exceed the time:

10 min - for cargo ships;

30 min - for passenger and commercial vessels of an unlimited area of \u200b\u200bswimming.

Rescue boats and rescue rafts, as a rule, should be placed on one deck, it is allowed to place rescue rafts per deck above or below the deck on which rescue boats are installed.

Rescue boats

By the way of delivery of water, rescue boats are divided into descended by mechanical means and descended by a free drop.

Regardless of the constructive differences, all rescue boats should:

Have a good stability and supply of buoyancy even when filling with water, high maneuverability;

Ensure reliable self-restoration on a smooth keel when tipping;

Have a mechanical engine with remote control from cutting, providing the speed of the boat on a quiet water with a complete set of people at least 6 tons and protected from random strikes of a rowing screw;

Be painted in orange.

Figure 15. Lifeboat of a closed type

The rescue boat must be equipped with an internal combustion engine with compression ignition:

The engine should work at least 5 minutes from the moment of starting in the cold state, when the boat is outside the water;

The speed of the boat on a quiet water with a complete set of people and supply should be at least 6 bonds;

The fuel supply should be sufficient for the engine to work with a full course within 24 hours.

To ensure the possibility of using a boat with unqualified people (for example, passengers) on a well-visible place near the engine control bodies, an instruction manual and operation of the engine must be provided, and the controls must have appropriate marking.

If the vessel has a partially closed rescue boats, their slopes should be equipped with a hike with at least two rescue pendants attached to it.

The topric is the cable, stretched between the tip of the boat.

Rescue pendant - vegetable or synthetic rope with mousing (nodes), used as an emergency to determine from the boat or to water.

Figure 16. Rescue boat of an open type

Figure 17. Marking of the rescue boat

The boat must be either self-having, or have a manual pump to remove water.

The rescue boat must be equipped with a trigger valve. The trigger valve (one or two, depending on the size of the boat) is installed at the bottom of the bottom of the boat for the water descent. The valve automatically opens when the boat is outside the water, and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. Usually this task is performed by a float type valve. When storing a boat on board the ship, the shutter valve must be opened to ensure the flow of any water in the boat. When preparing a boat to the water descent, the valve must be closed with a cap or cork.

The boats, descended on the waist, are equipped with a disobedient mechanism, which is designed in such a way that both nuts are given at the same time. At the same time, the disobedient mechanism provides two ways of disagreement:

Normal - disassemble occurs after the descent of the boat on the water, when the load on the sizes disappears;

Under the load - when the disassemble can be produced both on water and on the weight in the presence of loads on the nuts.

Inside the boat is installed an electric bulb. Power battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

On the top of the closing, a signal light is installed with a manual switch, which gives constant or flashing (50-70 glimpses per minute) of white fire. Power battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

Figure 18. Disobstructive devices

Supply boats

Each rescue boat should be supplied according to the requirements of the International SOLAS-74 Convention, including:

On the rowing boats, one floating paddle on the rowing plus two spare and one steering, on the motor - four oars with floors attached to the SAT rate boat housing (chains);

Two spleen hooks;

Floating anchor with a cable length equal to three boat lengths, and a delay fixed for the vertex of the anchor cone;

Two phases of at least 15 meters long;

Two axes, one in each tip of the boat to overrub the phalim when leaving the vessel;

The food diet and the supply of drinking water 3 liters per each;

Fishing equipment;

Signal means: Four parachute red rockets, six redfielders of red, two smoke checkers, electric lamp with a device for alarm in the Morse code in a waterproof version (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light), one signal mirror - heliograph - with instructions for use , signal whistle or equivalent signaling device, rescue tables;

Searchlight capable of continuous operation within 3 hours;

First aid kit, 6 tablets from sea disease and one hygienic package per person;

The folding knife attached by the stitch to the boat, and the three canvochetors;

Manual drainage pump, two buckets and scoop;

Fire extinguisher for extinguishing of burning oil;

A set of spare parts and engine tools (on motor boats);

Figure 19. Parachute Rocket

Radar reflector;

Crop with compass;

Individual heat shielding agents in the amount of 10% of the boat passenger complex (but at least two).

Once a month, the boat supply should be checked, ventilated and dryed.

Figure 20. Boat supply

Duty rescue boat

This is a type of rescue boats designed to rescue people from water (fallen overboard or detected in the sea). For a long time, regular rescue boats were used as duty rescue boats, one of which was descended to the water on the alarm "Man overboard". Operation on the descent of regular sideboats requires a certain time, and in storm conditions is very difficult.

Figure 21. Duty rescue boat

According to the construction of the case and the requirements of stability and buoyancy, the attendant boat corresponds to the standard rescue boats. The boat provides a place to transport the rescued in the lying position. The engine power provides speed of at least 8 nodes, and the fuel reserve is enough for 3 hours of full stroke. Rowing screw is protected to prevent injury to people in the sea.

Questions for self-test:

1. Time to landing people into rescue and the latter descent.

2. Purpose of lifeboats.

3. Rescue pendant.

4. Advantage of the boat.

We ask a question:
Mail.ru is responsible: - In fact, the number boats on the Titanic corresponded to the norms of 1912. The number of boats was adjusted to the vessel tonnage, and not the number of passengers. Tenage Titanic 46 328 tons, passengers in the amount of 2225, crew 908. Boats 20 (16) are designed for 1178, that is, the rule 1/2 from each side was taken into account. About rafts - 4 (2 teams managed to collect) things, should have been a capacity of up to 25% of the composition (the Convention now). Consider this question on cruise ships, closer to the body

OK, Cho. We look for example tonnage Silver Muz Company Silver C:
A cruise ship Silver Muse. Silversea was built in 2017, belongs to the Silver Muse vessels series, has a length of 213 meters and a displacement of 40,700 tons. The ship can be placed on board up to 691 passengers in 288 cabins. The number of service personnel is 408 people

The number of escaped the means is silent, it is said just enough for all the studs
Everywhere now refer to 74g, we go and see:
- International Convention for the Protection of Human Life at the Sea of \u200b\u200b1974 (SOLAS-74), Chapter III "Rescue Tools and Devices";

-The International Rescue Code (LSA Code);

-The Equipment of Maritime Ships of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, Part II "Rescue Tools"; Summid

The number of rescue boats on board the vessel is determined by the sailing area, type, vessel and the number of people on the ship. Cargo ships of an unlimited diving area are equipped with boats providing the entire crew from each side (100% + 100% \u003d 200%). Passenger ships are equipped with rescue boats with a capacity of 50% of passengers and crew from each side (50% + 50% \u003d 100%). The rafts - also collector ship saved the means - should also be included for those provision and make up at least 10% of tonnage and patients on board.
That is, "" who will not fit into the boat, saves on the rafts. The number of people on the raft is 2 times higher than the denomination. If the raft for 20 persons is 40. All the same SOLAS. This should please. Unless of course the vessel is equipped with them

Sparlot

His design should be like to keep the impact ambient For at least 30 days with any hydrometeers.

The rafts are manufactured by a capacity of at least 6 and usually up to 25 people (rafts can meet with a capacity of up to 150 people.).

The amount of rafts is calculated in such a way that the overall capacity of the rescue rafts available on each board was sufficient to accommodate 150% of the total number of people on the vessel. hm. Inflatable: The main elements of the rescue fleet are: buoyancy chamber (ensures the buoyancy of the fleet); the bottom is a waterproof element that provides insulation from cold water; The awning is a waterproof element that provides the insulation of the sub-venerable space from the heat and cold (on the TENDE - a device for collecting rainwater, a device for installing a radar reflector or SART, betareth with a signal fire ITP).
balons with non-toxic gas for inflation (1-3min), and not so simple
Supply:

2 floating paddles; Decisions: Floating scoop and 2 sponges; 2 floating anchors, one of which is constantly attached to the raft, and the second is spare. Immediately after disclosure of the fleet of a dropped type, the attached floating anchor is open automatically.

The rafts, exemplary supplies: a special undeading knife without a stitching part with a floating handle. The knife is in your pocket from the outside of the awning near the place of attachment of the starting line to the raft. Rescue ring with floating lines of at least 30 meters; Repair kit for sealing punctures: glue, plugs and clips; 3 canvasters; scissors; manual pump or furs for taping the flesh; drinking water canned at the rate of 1.5 liters per person; food diet at the rate of 10,000 kJ per person; first aid kit; Tablets from the marine disease with a duration of the action not 48 hours per person; one hygienic package per person; fishing equipment; heat protection agents in the amount of 10% of the estimated number of people, but not less than 2 units; Instructions for preserving life on rescue rafts.
List of SS supply items. 1 . A sufficient amount of floating fun to ensure the movement of the boat on quiet water. For each olarm, the type of nomotes, swivel float or other equivalent tool should be provided. Pointed should be attached to the boat with sterns or chains; 2. Two spleen hooks; 3. Floating scoop and two buckets; 4. Instructions for the preservation of life;

5. Crop with a reliable compass, luminous or equipped with an appropriate lighting agent. In fully closed life saving boats, the NTOs must be stationary in the steering control post; On all other rescue boats, the NTOs must be equipped with appropriate fixtures for attachment; 6. Floating anchor of sufficient size with a drake, capable of withdrawing jerks, and Niral, which provides the possibility of strong capture with his hands during wetting. The strength of the floating anchor, teractov and niral should be sufficient under any maritime conditions; 7. Two reliable phases long, not less than two times higher than the distance from the installation site of the rescue boat to Waterlinia with the smallest operational sediment of the vessel, or 15 m, depending on what is more. One fail attached to the separating device required by the Rule III / 41.7.7 should be located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nasal tip of the rescue boat, and the other is firmly attached to the lifeline of the rescue boat or near it and be prepared for use; 8. Two axes - one in each tip of the rescue boat; 9. Sailing weapons with rigging and sails; 10 . Waterproof vessels containing a total amount of fresh water at the rate of 3 liters per person from the number of people allowed to accommodate on a rescue boat, of which 1 liter per person can be replaced by the desalination apparatus, able to give the same amount of fresh water in 2 days; 11 . Stainless bucket with satertes; 12. Stainless graduated drinking vessel;

13. The food diet is based on at least 10,000 kJ for each person from the number of people allowed for accommodation on the rescue boat; This food diet should be in airtight packaging and stored in a waterproof container; 14. Four parachute rockets; 15. Six falsefaers; 16 . Two floating smoke checkers; 17 . One waterproof electric lamp, suitable for signaling on the alphabet of Morse, with one spare set of batteries and one spare light bulb in waterproof packaging; 18. One signal mirror for day alarm with an instruction for its use to supply signals by sea and aircraft; 19 . One instance of the table of rescue signals in the waterproof version or in waterproof packaging; 20. One whistle or other equivalent beep;

21. First aid kit in waterproof packaging, which, after use, can be tightly closed again; 22. Six doses of medicines from marine disease and one hygienic package for each person; 23. Folding knife, attached to the Stergest boat; 24. Three canned vehicles; 25 . Two floating rescue rings attached to a floating linen long at least 30 m; 26 . Hand pump; 27. One set of fishing facilities;

28. A sufficient number of tools for performing minor engine adjustments and devices related to it; 29. Portable fire extinguisher, suitable for extinguishing of burning oil; 30. Floodlight capable of ensuring efficient lighting at night of a light-colored object with a width of 18 m at a distance of 180 m for a total of 6 hours and operate continuously for at least 3 hours; 31. A set of flags for feeding disaster signals;

32. Effective radar reflector, if the rescue boat does not host a radar respondent; 33. Set of emergency radio transmitters; 34. Heat shielding agents, in an amount sufficient for a 10% number of people allowed to accommodate on a rescue boat or two, depending on what is more; 35 . Hydrothermakes in the amount of three pieces; 36 . Set of threads and twine; 37. Tarpaulin cloth for collecting rainwater.

Alarm Tools: Radar Lighthouse - Respondent (SART); VHF portable radio station; 4 red parachute rockets; 6 red falsefaers; 2 floating smoke checkers; Electric waterproof lamp; alarm mirror (heliograph) and a signal whistle; Table of rescue signals. Now there is MES - Marine Evacuats Sist - can be installed1 by a person and accommodate all people .. how much how much will you fit about. +
There are stormtraparats - for planting the people in spasredism - MDE

There was a post about harmony, I just remember in the fotam, so for example: Harmony of the seas- 16-deck ship 362 meters long and weighing 120,000 tons, cost 1 LARD dollars. Most of the famous cruise liners accommodates up to 6,300 passengers and 2100 members

9 boats as we see (savory) for each board * 2 \u003d 18pcs and quantities, for example, with a non-linkage of 5400 people of passengers without taking into account the team. 5400/18 \u003d 300 people in the boat. Where 300 where 400 is less - more. Fit? .. Good journey to us! Successful swimming!

All about tuning cars

Fire retardant rescue boats. Modern rescue equipment. Planting people are produced by stormtrapa

1.4. A closed rescue boat of the project 02340. (not tanker).