Lt. is a special period in nature
Ice formation on the surface of the water, whether it is a river, a lake, or a glass, left in the cold - an amazing phenomenon. It is associated with the physical properties of liquid substances.
How much is formed
In the warmth, the water molecules are formed by chains, long and stretched. It is due to this that water is the transition to such an aggregate state as a lot is possible only when the thermometer column is lowered to zero marks. At the same time, the water molecules are built into special lattices. In fact, it looks like ice formation. The second name island. It is so arranged that the freezing of water bodies in it is usually stretched for a long period. A similar phenomenon has a link with weather conditions. For education, the first year is enough for a couple of nights a good frost with relative ulelessness. However, sharp warming, wet snow with rain, wind and raw fogs can lead to the fact that the water will return to its liquid state. Then the period of the ice station will distort the unknown time.
All summer and warm autumn reservoir accumulate warmly, so by the beginning of the first frosts the water turns out to be warmer than the ambient air. No wonder, because much more! The contact of warm water and cooled air leads to a reaction, called heat exchange.
When the water on the surface will have a temperature of +4 degrees Celsius, stirring the surface layer of water will begin, with deeper. The liquid that was on the surface becomes dense, and warm water from below displaces it because of its less density. Thus, the whole water stratum cools evenly.
The ice station is a phenomenon at which the water temperature becomes equal to zero degrees, and ice appears on the reservoom. In real life, the temperature minimum may differ for several degrees. This is due to the presence of various impurities in water, as well as the type of reservoir, its depth, flow, the terrain of the bottom.
Floating on rivers
The ice station is an extremely dangerous period to go to the ice of the river. At the constant flow of ice, it is formed later than on non-flowing reservoirs. But the growth of ice here is much faster due to the fact that the water is colder.
The main danger of the foreword on the rivers - the change in the groundwater moves and cease to feed the water artery, because of this, the water level becomes sharply below, and the first ice form begins to break. The ice floes are knocked down in one place, where they are then safely freezing, forming ice bulbs.
When you can go to the ice
It is believed that the ice thickness of 5 cm is able to withstand the weight of one person. However, winter fishing lovers are not recommended to open the season, while the ice thickness does not reach at least 10 cm - it is believed that with such a thickness ended the ice station. It is not necessary to check every day. No need to constantly go to the river. It suffices to produce simple calculations and approximately navigate the release date on the ice. It is believed that with the existing ice in 10 cm and the air temperature minus 5 degrees, the thickness of the cover will add 4 cm in a day, at a temperature of -10 - 6 cm. It will almost double the thickness of the ice, if the day the temperature will be kept at 20 degrees.