Why after the air crash remains fragments of tel. The bodies of those killed in Sochi are very broken, as if without bones at all. In what conditions you have to work

As a result of the aviation catastrophe on the body of the victim, the following several factors simultaneously also has a damaging effect at the same time, and the action of one factor often overlaps to other:
1) dynamic and shock overloads;
2) counter-stream of air;
3) explosive decompression;
4) atmospheric electricity;
5) thermal impact;
6) toxic combustion and pyrolysis products;
7) stupid items located inside the aircraft;
8) explosive wave;
9) external parts of the aircraft;
10) running engines;
11) High-rise decompression;
12) shaking, vibration.

When a collision of an aircraft with an obstacle can cause overloads, reaching very large values \u200b\u200bof about tens and even hundreds of units G. The body at the same time leaves the back of the chair and is held by the binding belts. Depending on the magnitude of the overload, the consequences for the victims can wear different character - from the functional disorders of respiration and blood circulation associated with the relative movement of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen, and the loss of consciousness - to mechanical damage to the binding belts in the form of abrasions, bruises, sometimes skin breaks and Soft fabrics, spinal injuries, and when the aircraft is collided at high speed with an obstacle or land - in the form of gross damage of all tissues at the level of binding belts, up to the left of the top of the body. In the latter case, as a rule, there is a subsequent significant destruction of the head and the body as a result of the impact of these parts of the body about the objects located in front.

Radial accelerations and relevant overloads arise when trying to get out of diving in emergency situations. In these cases, there is a significant displacement of soft tissues, internal organs and especially blood in large vessels, accompanied by a sharp disruption of respiration, blood circulation, the functions of the central nervous system, disorder of vision, loss of consciousness, as well as traumatic damage to the tissues and vital organs.

In the direction of overload in the direction of the head-leg, a significant part of the circulating blood (up to 1/4 of the entire mass) moves into the vessels of the abdominal cavity and the limbs as a result of which the heart's work is disturbed, the brain anemia is developing with a loss of consciousness. The outcome in such a situation will depend on the duration of the unconscious state and the height of the flight on which the loss of consciousness occurred. As a result of the displacement and deformation of the internal organs and the tissues of the abdominal cavity and the sharp overflow of their blood, multiple hemorrhages in the bowel of the intestines can be observed, under the capsule and in the ligaments of the internal organs, loose fatty fiber.

Overload directed from legs to the head, a person tolerates much harder. Already at acceleration of about 4-5 g, a strong tide of blood is happening to the head, accompanied by redness and edema of the face, nasal bleeding, multiple small hemorrhages in the skin of the face, eye conjunct, shell and brain substance. A sharp increase in intracranial pressure leads to a rapid loss of consciousness and death. At the same time, the fractures of the upper and lower extremities can be observed, the compression fracture of the spine, the fractures of the base and the crust of the skull, the injuries of the soft limbs.

The oncoming air flow at high flight speeds (800-1000 km / h or more) has the properties of the solid, since the power of the air flow under these conditions exceeds the weight of a person at 50-70 times. The oncoming air flow can disrupt the items and clothing. With a breakdown of an oxygen mask, there is a sharp deformation of soft fabrics of a face with extensive hemorrhage and detachment of them from the dice to be bone, rupture of the angles of the mouth, damage to the eyeballs. The air jet, penetrating under high pressure in the upper respiratory tract and the esophagus, can lead to a bulk and stomach barotrapa; The reflector respiratory disorder and the cessation of oxygen supply causes acute oxygen starvation. As a result of a breakdown of hands with armrests and legs with the footage
scattering of the limbs accompanied by dislocations, stretching the articular ligaments, muscle dumps, hemorrhages.

Explosive decompression is observed in flight at an altitude of over 8-9 thousand meters as a result of emergency depressurization of the cab. As a consequence of a sharp pressure drop in humans, a boredraim of light and hearing aid may occur, as well as a gas embolism. The barryravum of the auditory appropriate is accompanied by a breakpoint breakpoint, damage to the hearing bones, hemorrhage in the tissue of the middle and the inner ear and the drum cavity.

The lung boredravum marks liquid blood in respiratory tract, acute swelling of the lungs, multiple focal hemorrhages and losses of pulmonary fabric. Along with the large-scale character of changes in the pulmonary fabric, the minor breaks and hemorrhages are also observed in the course of the brutalies of the bronchi.

Stupid items located inside the aircraft are the main damaging factor in the fall and impact of the aircraft about the Earth. At the same time, the deformation and destruction of its design occurs, as well as the mutual displacement of people in the aircraft and their surrounding items. Arriving percussion overloads depending on the speed and angle of the fall of the aircraft may exceed hundreds and even thousands of times the impact force on the affected, observed in terrestrial accidents.

The result of impact overloads of a huge strength can be the rude destruction of the body with the separation of individual parts of it (head, limbs, the pelvic region) with extensive breaks and the screaming of the skin and soft tissues, the fragmentation of the bones, the opening of the body cavities and the discernment, separation, the movement of the internal organs or the emission of them outward

The explosive wave is the most powerful damaging factor arising from the busty of fuel in fuel tanks or the terrorist attack. Most often the first explosion occurs at the moment of impact of the aircraft about the ground, sometimes in the air after the touches of the Earth. When the jet aircraft falls on the land in the recording mode, followed by a blast of a funnel can reach a depth of several meters. A powerful explosive wave causes full destruction of the structures of the aircraft and tel. At the same time, the remains are found both in the funnel itself and outside it, scattered on the area with a radius of up to 300-500 m. When an explosion in the air, after the touch of the Earth, the remains of the people who were in the aircraft turn out to be scattered at a distance of up to 3 km in the direction of flight and Up to 1.5 km to the side of the explosion.

With full body damage as a result of the explosion, individual small skin flaps without sedation of the edges of them, ear sinks with part of the temporal bone, pieces of internal organs, bone fragments with scraps of soft tissues, sometimes brushes, feet or parts them. In the terrorist attack, the extensive damages with the separation of body parts, multiple through and blind fragmentation wounds are obtained by persons directly near the explosion place, the remaining most often die as a result of mechanical damage with the subsequent fall of the aircraft and strike it about the Earth.

As a result of the action of the flame, the inflammation of the clothes, body burns, as well as the posthumous burning of corpses, reaching extreme degrees with the charging of soft tissues and bones up to their sewage. Sometimes an explosion is preceded by a fire, in these cases there are already thermal exposure to the remains of the corpses.

In that ill-fated day, at 18:00, the Boeing 747SR-46 aircraft Japan Airlines was preparing to fly out of Tokyo to Osaka. The flight belonged to short distances and should last 54 minutes. Thanks to the special modification of the model of the aircraft, the board accompanied 550 passengers.

At the time of take-off on board, Jal 123 12 had 509 people and 15 crew members. The commander of the aircraft was the most experienced pilot - 49-year-old Masami Takahama, who worked in the airline for 19 years. The second pilot was the 39-year-old Yutaka Sasaki with a 10 years of experience.

At 18:12, the plane flew from Tokyo Handeda Airport. At 18:24 at an altitude of 7,200 meters, one of the stewardess asked the commander, whether it was possible to start servicing passengers. After receiving an affirmative response in the cabin there was a loud sound similar to an explosion. Cabin crawled white smoke.

The pilots worked the alarm, notifying the sudden pressure drop inside the fuselage. They could not understand what happened, and suggested that the sash chassis were torn. The flight engineer at the same time reported the malfunction of the hydraulic system.

The ship commander decided to deploy the plane and return to Tokyo, but when the second pilot tried to turn the steering wheel, it turned out that Boeing is unmanaged.

The ground manager appeared a message with the number "7700", meaning that the aircraft suffers disaster. The crew and passengers were put on oxygen masks, triggered in case of depressurization of the aircraft.

The pilots were trying to lie on the reverse course with all their might, but with each minute the situation had worsened - the plane began to sway along all three axes with an increasing amplitude, entering the terrible regime of the Dutch Step.

Panic began in the cabin, passengers became bad. They prayed, cried, pulled out the sheets from the notebooks and wrote farewell letters close.

At this time, in the cockpit, pilots tried to return control over the aircraft using one of the engines only. Differentiating the left and right turbines, the crew still managed to deploy a liner towards Tokyo.

The dispatchers from the Earth offered various options for an emergency landing of the aircraft, but the pilots did not have to choose - they could lose control opportunities at any second.

Attempts to start a decline in the area of \u200b\u200bFujiim Mountain failed. At 18:41 the plane came out again from obedience and made a circle with a radius of 4 km over the city of Otsuki. Pilot managed to return control.

At 18:47 the ship commander told the dispatchers that the plane is unmanaged and is about to die in the mountain. But the crew again managed to avoid a collision. However, immediately after that, the plane began to rapidly lose height. Flying over the peninsula Izu and the bay of Suruga, "Boeing" was in the mountainous area, which made the chances of a happy completion of the flight minimal.

But even in this situation the crew continued attempts to control the engines, although at one moment the plane almost fell into a corkscrew. Using the maximum thrust of the engines and the release of flaps from an emergency electrical system, the crew was able to align Boeing. However, the liner, lowering the nose, rushed to the next vertex.

The aircraft commander lined the car, but to avoid another collision with a mountain there was no time left. The wing was the tops of the trees - the plane turned over and at 18:56 at high speed crashed into a wooded slope of Mount Tsutak at an altitude of 1457 meters 112 kilometers to the north-west of Tokyo. A fire broke out on the site of the catastrophe.

The US Air Force of the US Air Force detected a fall place 30 minutes after the catastrophe. The coordinates were transferred to the Japanese, but the arrival rescue service helicopter discovered that the wreckings lie on the steep slope, the landing in the area was predicted.

Especially there, the fire was burning - the commander of the helicopter decided to return to the base, which reported that the traces of the presence of the survivors were not detected.

Rescuers arrived after 14 o'clock, not counting on to meet the living, but the living was four: the 26-year-old Yumi Othiaia, 34-year-old Hiroko Yoxidzaki with her 8-year-old daughter Mikiko and 12-year-old Caico Kavakas.

Yumi Othiai worked as a stewardless Japan Airlines, but at that time she made a private trip. It was she who reported the most information about what happened on board.

12-year-old Caico Rescuers found on a tree - the girl thrown away during the fall of the aircraft. For some time, her father was alive, but he could not stand the 14-hour expectation.

There were a lot of survivors, but in addition to the injuries, they received a serious hypothermatch after the night on the mountain, and without waiting for help.

On the site of the disaster were discovered black boxes and numerous letters of died relatives.

Japan experienced a real shock - the relatives of the dead rumbled offices of Japan Airlines, and her employees avoided the appearance in crowded places. The president of the airline resigned, without waiting for the results of the investigation, and the head of the technical service at the airport did Harakiri.

But because of what a plane crashed? On August 13, 1985, the destroyer of the Naval Self-Defense Forces of Japan picked up the wreckage of the vertical and horizontal plumage "Boeing" floated in the bay sagas. This meant that in flight the plane lost the keel and steering of height.

With such damage, the aircraft is doomed. Moreover, he had to collapse almost immediately, but the pilots managed to keep it in the air for another half an hour. Their skill saved four lives - the saved people could be much more, if there were no 14-hour waiting.

And the main question: why was the plane right in flight lost the tail?

It turned out that on June 2, 1978, due to the pilot error, the board JA8119 hit the tail part about the take-off strip of Osaka Airport, as a result of which the tail Hermoshpangout was damaged - a bulkhead, separating the tail passenger liner, which supports approximately constant air pressure, from a non-negro The tail of the aircraft.

Repairs were carried out in Japan - it was necessary to strengthen the damaged halves of the Hermoshpang floor using a solid wave-amplifier, fixed with three rivets. But instead of installing a single amplifier with three rows of rivets, two separate enhancing elements were used, one of which was fixed by a double rivet, and the second only single.

In the repair brigade, they decided that "and so comes out" - and indeed, the plane successfully continued flights. But during the takeoffs and landings of the load gradually destroyed the metal in the places of drilling. The catastrophe has become inevitable - the question was only when it happens.

On August 12, 1985, the Hermoshpangout did not stand the pressure from the next take-off and finally collapsed, interrupting pipelines of hydraulic systems. The air from the salon under high pressure hit the cavity of the vertical tail stabilizer, knocking it, as if the cork from the bottle of champagne. The plane lost control.

After the catastrophe, Japan Airlines restored its reputation for a very long time, and Boeing has tightened the rules for repairing liners and conducted an urgent inspection of its liners around the world. But the lives of people were no longer returning.

On board the liner were 160 passengers, 45 of them were minor children - they all returned home after rest at the sea. However, due to the crew error and the weather, the control over the aircraft was lost - as a result, he collapsed to the ground and caught fire. Survive anyone failed.

13 years ago, in the morning of August 22, 2006, the crew of the Tu-154 aircraft was preparing to make a regular flight from Vityazevo Airport in Anapa to St. Petersburg Pulkovo. 160 passengers rose on board liner: 115 adults and 45 children, six of which were infants, and the age of the rest barely reached 12 years.

Augusta stood very hot, but a few days before the departure of the flight to the south came cold air, which provoked strong thunderstorms with rains. According to the forecast, there were two foci of thunderstorms, in which strong shower and even hail were observed. However, the aircraft commander - 49-year-old Ivan Korogodin - did not give much the prevention of weather forecasters and decided to fly.

At 11:04, the plane flew out of Vityazevo and took the estate of 5.7 thousand meters prescribed to him. Eight minutes after the start of the flight, the control manager from Rostov-on-Don contacted the flight and warned about powerful thunderstorms with a strong hail. At the same time, he forgot to designate the height of the thunderstorm front, which reached unusually high values \u200b\u200b- 12-13 km.

At that time, the crew had already seen an impending threat, which became clear from the recording of the conversation in the cockpit between the navigator and the commander. On it heard the words of the FAC: "Oh, right in the cloud of climb. Ugly as ".

Nevertheless, frightening cloud of the aircraft managed to safely bypass - the crew calmly exhaled, not knowing that the worst of them is waiting ahead.

The second thunderstorm focus waited the aircraft in the sky over the Donetsk region. At this time, the plane was already transferred to the dispatchers of the Kharkov district center, who did not report the flight information about the elements. As a result, the St. Petersburg crew followed the course right on the thunderstorm, without having any data on its size.

At 15:30, Tu-154 went to the cloud zone, through which hail broke through. In order to bypass the dangerous locality, the flight commander 612 Corogodin decided to raise the liner above: literally for 5-6 seconds, the 85-ton machine flew up almost 400 meters away. Continuing to recruit the height with a vertical speed of about 68.6 m / s, the plane flies out the nose to the angle of lifting 45.7 °, after which it fell to the right and began to enter a flat corkscrew. The crew stopped controlling the plane, which moved to an unmanaged fall.

For some time, the commander was still trying to stabilize the rapidly falling car, rejecting the steering wheel "on himself", then "from himself", thereby raising and lowering his nose.

The disaster signal "SOS" was submitted to the instrument of Corogodine at an altitude of 7.2 thousand meters. About two and a half minutes after that, the aircraft ran into the ground 35 km from Donetsk.

The first blow fell on the right wing and the right engine of the aircraft, then the left wing was entered into the soil through the fraction of a second in the soil, and the tail was taken away. When you hit the aircraft, fuel tanks exploded, after which the fuselage ripped into parts.

One of the witnesses of the fall Tu-154 was Gennady Urasov - at the time of the tragedy he was at his apiary near the village of dry beam. The liner collapsed just 300 meters from her.

"Suddenly I heard a scary hum. Raised my head and Obomlel: a plane fell on me. It twisted in the air, like a millstone mill, but I did not see him burning. Then he heard cotton and blow to the Earth. Already ogllow. Our who saw the plane fell, fled to the place of the tragedy to try to save someone. But even close to him could not be approached, so hot burned, "said the man's" KP "newspaper.

According to eyewitnesses, a specialist of the Donetsk airport arrived at the crash site after 20 minutes and immediately informed the rescuers the exact coordinates of the Tu-154 fall. However, the firefighters did not even be able to get to the aircraft, as a strong shower began. The streams of water blocked the hillside, so the fire had to be extinguished through the sleeve, which stretched from the nearby lake. For this, 10 fire trucks were involved.

By the evening of the next day, the fragments of the bodies of 150 dead were removed from the debris, which were delivered to Donetsk in black polyethylene bags.

"I work for eight years in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but this never seen, he recalled one of the rescuers in a conversation with" KP ". - Children and their mothers literally walked into one. Bodies terribly burned. On the faces - horror. "

Among the passengers a crashing liner that day was Andrei Frolov. Initially, a man should not fly by this plane - he even acquired a train ticket. However, on the last day, I decided to stay in Anapa for a day and planned flight flight 612. His mother went on the train with his grandson, without suspecting that a few days later they would go on the identification procedure.

The tragedy near Donetsk became one of the three largest aircraft crash with the participation of Tu-154. The final results of the investigation of the catastrophe were published on February 17, 2007. They were presented by the Government Commission chaired by the head of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation Igor Levitin.

"The cause of the Tu-154M RA-85185 aircraft is the airline" Pulkovo "was the conclusion of the aircraft during the flight in the screw mode on the core corners of the attack and the dumping mode, followed by the transition to a flat corkscrew and a collision with a large vertical speed," the document reported.

After a plane crash near Donetsk, Levitin also promised that the Tu-154 and Tu-134 will be replaced by other ships for 5 years. For the prohibition of flights on these aircraft, then relatives of those killed in a plane crash, and experts in the field of aviation.

"In our case, the investigation appointed the guilty commander. They referred to the inadequacy of his actions, pulled the steering wheel to the side, and this led to the dumping of the aircraft, if we speak in a simple language. Plus bad weather conditions. But all this is the consequence, not the reasons for the catastrophe, "the co-founder of a public regional organization of victims of the Witali Yusko stated to journalists.

A year after the tragedy at the site of the fall of the fuselage in a half kilometers from the village of Dry Beach, a monument to the dead was installed. It is made of white concrete and is part of the airplane wing. There are marble plates around it, which engrave the types of St. Petersburg and the names of PLK-612 flights.

Initially, the monument composition was also supposed to enter the engine of a broken aircraft. For this, the Investigation Commission even gave permission to use the Tu-154 fragment. However, later the authors of the monument from this idea refused, since the non-disconnected monument could attack non-ferrous metal hunters.

Here in the news it sounded that by a plane crash, for the relatives of the dead, today there is a very difficult procedure for identifying tel. We also thought so in that year.
Horror was preparing to meet people doctors and psychologists. Stood fast. We all thought that would have to save, pull off, there would be screams, tears and so on. And it turned out all at all.
I'll tell you how it was ...
Identification it is carried out by two methods: live and on the computer. In order of a live queue. I participated in a computer identification.
Even before the first person was invited, shots showed us. It's horrible. Fragments of burnt bodies. Children's handles, legs. Peel the remaining pieces of color clothes. I still remember a piece of blue baby panties. Unknown, boy or girl. In these parts, nothing was clear at all.

In the morning, people began to suit the cabinets. Installation of computers and other preparation ...
People were very nervous. There was one question: "When and let's rather ..."
And now they began to run. Computers were five. Therefore, they launched five teams of relatives.
We were horrified with the horses in horror. And then there is nothing of it. Neither tears nor screams. Nothing. Monotonous work and only: "Stop, return the previous picture. That's something similar. No, not that. Further
Many were found on jewelry, chains, earrings. Adults on tattoo, who had them. In general, it was a very long procedure, walked all day. Some did not find their own and then went to the second identification ...

And now about identification by bodies. It took place in the morgue of Donetsk. All the bodies and fragments were laid out on the street and people, they were also launched by the parties, and were looking for similar to their own. And also there was no hysterical and tears.
I then saw my own eyes that serious employment removes emotions, and therefore suffering. Although it is, of course, for a while ...

The worst thing when the body is not located. Then it turns out that it burned down and there is nothing to bury.

There was one curiosity. May I write in vain about it. But probably, it is better to know about such stories than not to know. Although it is very sad.
One little boy identified two families. They began to quarrel and each to prove that he is him.
In general, everyone wanted to pick up the remains to be what to bury. It was a very important question.
And here they are looking for signs and those and others find. And on the first day of the arrival, all their relatives took the analysis on DNA. But the result will not be soon.
In general, the doctor saw this boy that he was cut. And so established truth ...
And the services of physicians and psychologists on the day of identification - it is good that they did not use it.

PS. Who did not read, I wrote about my participation in a similar event