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The plane is a terribly safe form of transport. The safest type of transport - rating

Afraid to fly, preferring a car or a train? Completely in vain. Today we will determine the most safe view transport based on dry statistics, which, as it turned out, have little to do with our fears.

It was not in vain that we started with fears, because they clearly show the extent to which our emotions and conjectures can prevail over facts and common sense. It is no coincidence that absolutely all sociological polls give approximately the same result. People think that the safest mode of transport is the train, the second place is the car, and the most dangerous, of course, is the plane. But it gives slightly different results.

There are several methods for calculating mortality in different modes of transport in the world. The most accurate and widespread is the ratio of fatalities per segment of the distance traveled. The starting point is considered to be 100 million miles (160 million kilometers).

True, based on these statistics, the safest form of transport is space. Indeed, in its entire history, only three accidents happened, and the distances were enormous. However, space tourism is a prospect, albeit not too distant, but the future, so we will consider the more common means of transportation.

Especially for you: plane is the safest mode of transport, statistics confirm this 100%. 0.6 people die per 100 million miles. Taking 2014 as an example, there were 21 plane crashes worldwide. Of these, 10 are cargo ships, 11 are passenger ships. A total of 990 people died. This is less than the number of cyclists killed, and even less than the number of people killed in a year by donkeys.

In total, about 33 million flights were flown during the year. On average, there is one accident per 1 million departures. It should be noted, however, that most of them are on small private jets.

The probability of dying in a crash on a regular passenger flight is extremely small, 1 / 8,000,000. Even flying every day, it will take 21 millennia to get on that ill-fated flight that crashes.

The myth that there is no chance of survival in a plane crash also has little to do with reality. Aircraft are designed by people who know firsthand about aerodynamics and gravity. Therefore, in order to bump into the ground from a height of 10,000 km, you need to try hard.

Let's turn to statistics again. Over the past 20-odd years, about 500 aircraft accidents have occurred in the United States. The death toll in them was only 5% of the passengers on board at the time of the accident. Even if we disregard minor incidents and analyze only serious accidents with impacts to the ground, a break in the aircraft body and fires, the number of survivors in them is approximately 50%.

Railway transport

According to statistics, this is the safest type land transport... The fatality rate due to train accidents is 0.9 passengers per 160 million km. Sounds incredible considering the speed at which state-of-the-art trains travel. However, you can't argue with numbers. At the same time, to a large extent, global statistics are spoiled by countries such as, where the concept of safety has a very specific meaning.

Automobile transport

1.6 people die in traffic accidents per 160 million km of distance traveled. According to these statistics, the car can be safely attributed to the most dangerous form of transport. Every year, about 1.2 million people die on the roads of the world, which is a thousand times more than in plane crashes. Thus, you are more likely to get into an accident on the way to the airport than to die on the plane itself.

Moreover, these figures apply only to four-wheeled vehicles. If we talk about motorcycles and mopeds, then the death rate there is many times higher: 42 people per 160 million km.

Crash Landings: A video showing that even the most difficult situations have a way out.

Choosing on what to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long distance travel narrows the range of options vehicle... Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular types of transport.

Public opinion

"What is the most safe transport? " - this was the question posed by the VTsIOM sociologists. The monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout the entire time, the opinion of the Russians practically did not change. Considered safe:

  • Metro - 69%;
  • bus and tram - 68%;
  • trains - 51%;
  • cars -48%;
  • trolleybus - 40%;
  • ferries - 38%.

It is interesting to trace how the attitude of people towards air travel has changed. In 2011, only 22% of those surveyed named the plane the safest mode of transport. The next year the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.

The director of the center V. Fedorov notes that the indicators are influenced by information. Major plane crashes 2013 caused a drop in citizens' confidence in aircraft.

Statistics

Official data disagree with the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the mortality rate is determined on different vehicles.

There are several methods. The most accurate and widespread is the calculation of the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.

Each group of transport has the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the averaged version "in general" is taken. American Bureau of Statistics DERT in 2000. this is how the crude death rate was calculated:

  • Aircraft - 0.5;
  • buses - 0.4;
  • trains - 0.6;
  • minibuses - 1.2;
  • water transport - 2.6;
  • cars - 3.1;
  • bicycles - 44.6;
  • on foot - 54.2;
  • motorcycle - 108.9.

Based on the coefficient of flights - 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km in order for him (according to statistics!) To have an accident. According to statistics, the safest form of transport is an airplane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.

Tracking aviation accidents has been running the aviation-safety.net website since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017 in the world, 117 crashed or made an emergency landing aircraft, 279 people died.

For the first five months current year in Russia alone, 5770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71 461 were injured. Even the safest cars are unable to reduce this amount.

According to regnum.ru, in 5 months the trains had the lowest results: 41 people died, 172 were injured.

Aircraft take off every 3 seconds. Therefore, the numbers are quite comparable and give a general idea of ​​the number of victims over the same period of time. Annually from the wreck air transport about 1000 people die, on the railway - up to two thousand.

Aviation

The most safe means the car can not be called movement. In addition, the opinion that it is impossible to survive in a plane crash is also erroneous. If you turn to the table of the resource for registering incidents, you can see that in most cases there were no casualties. 500 accidents in the United States in 20 years accounted for 5% of deaths.

If we take only major crashes from the total, then the mortality rate will be about 50%.

In 2007 Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on the plane. The journalists analyzed the data of the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on the place.


The number of aircraft surviving from accidents, depending on the landing site

Almost 70% of the survivors remain in the section off the edge of the plane's wing. Survive 56% of those sitting above the wing. The main impact when hitting the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.

There are also statistics for the most safe aircraft... Here are the top five leaders:

  • Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type were produced in 24 years. Over 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and not a single victim was injured;
  • Airbus A330 - 577 copies. 1 incident per 14 million flight hours. A total of 8 pieces were lost, 346 deaths;
  • Boeing 747 - 1 accident on 17.5 million flights. 941 ships are in operation, 51 were lost as a result of accidents, 3732 people died.
  • Boeing 737 NG - since 1997 there were 3 tragedies (1/17 million hours).

Interesting fact: Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of refusal, he can safely continue the flight to the point of destination, without emergency landings.

The safest aircraft in the world is the Boeing 777. The total flight time of 748 aircraft since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. One ship has been lost in history. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account military operations and terrorist attacks..

Road transport

Oddly enough, the car we are used to is one of the most dangerous means of transportation, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about our safety in the car. The testauto.ru resource publishes data from the largest crash test companies. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.

In the general mark, Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedess E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee get “excellent”.

Such popular brands as BMV 3 series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the test "well".

The main criteria for scoring are frontal and side impacts, coups, child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other grades on the specified site, but we have listed all the excellent students. The source calls the Volvo XC90 the safest car in the world with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device scored the maximum number of stars.

Interestingly, some crash test scores include a pedestrian score. Unfortunately, if you look at the table, it becomes clear that these road users are practically unprotected. Be careful on the roads!

Safe seats in the cabin

Automobile

Do you know what is the safest place in the car? Most people are convinced that behind the driver's seat. If the vehicle is hit in the side, then the chances of salvation will be equal for the driver and the passenger sitting behind.

The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. That's why the middle between the two rear seats is considered the most safe place in car.

Public transport

Least dangerous to take center stage public transport... The logic is similar: the highest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting at the window will be under attack.

It is also not recommended to sit in the four back rows. In the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with backs in the direction of travel. The middle of the passenger compartment remains the safest place on the bus.

Other payment options

This article discusses one option for calculating safety, in terms of passenger-kilometers. The question can be resolved in terms of the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, the buses will come out on top, and the planes will go down to the third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will recede to seventh place.

All techniques have advantages and disadvantages. Statisticians use various algorithms. It is enough for us to know: it is safer to move at short distances on the ground, at long distances - by air. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is out of competition in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.

We introduced you to the systems for calculating transport safety, introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the word is yours. Which means of transportation is preferred for you? We are waiting for your comments!

Calculate, what type of transport is the safest, not so easy. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of people killed or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport it is not difficult to find this data, because every person is taken into account thanks to the tickets. But there are problems with automobile transport. It is not possible to track the movements of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store - no one is registered at the entrance to their home.

Our rating of transport safety according to statistics for 2018 was compiled with the involvement of various sources - from data from the National Union of Insurers, which maintain statistics of registered insured events from 2012 to the present, to data on traffic accidents on the Rosstat website.


> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km

Although the number of accidents involving motorcyclists has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle remains one of the most dangerous species transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion kilometers of track are paid for with the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.

A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are likely to end in sadness. The reason is non-observance of traffic rules, and, surprisingly, the principled refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.


5, 75 people per 1.6 billion km

In second place in terms of the number of road traffic accidents are private cars. In just 1.6 billion kilometers, at least 5.75 people die.

The reasons are both the reluctance of drivers to comply with the rules of the road, and the condition of the roadway, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration of the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together serve as a guarantee that road transport in Russia will not be safe for a long time to come.


9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers

Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international transport, but intercity. Especially if a person on a helicopter is forced to go to those lands where even the notorious Makar prefers not to drive his calves. Perhaps this is precisely what explains such a high number of victims among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. You will have to fall from a great height, and, with a high degree of probability, injuries will be incompatible with life.


5 dead on 1.5 billion km

Route taxis cannot be called the safest type of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion km of the route covered by the minibus is paid for with five human lives. Among the reasons can be named as the work of drivers for wear and tear, and structural miscalculations of minibuses, road conditions, unwillingness to comply with traffic rules and drunk driving.


2.84 casualties per million transported

In 2018, there were several major incidents involving intercity buses, including the tragic accident in Voronezh region when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses are not safe - for every million passengers transported, at least 2.84 are injured or killed in accidents. In total for 2018, trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.


2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both international ships and inland river carriers. In 2018, 62 accidents occurred during sea and river travel, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to the statistics of the NSS, for every million passengers transported there are 2.3 accidents.

Passengers on sea and river vessels not only the water element threatens, but also the fiery one. One of the most common causes of traffic accidents is a sudden outbreak of fire on board a ship, usually caused by a faulty electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that Russia's internal fleet is in a deplorable state, and almost a third of the vessels have celebrated 40 years of operation.


Probability of death: 1:11 000 000

The safest transport in the world, but in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. The data of the National Society of Insurers, on which we relied when assessing the danger of other types of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only within the country but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.

That is why the plane is the safest form of transport: according to statistics, the odds of being killed in an accident on board an aircraft are 1 in 11 million. In comparison, the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!


0.17 accidents per million passengers

This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains... In general, for 2018, the statistics for Russian Railways looks excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven incidents were recorded. Unfortunately, not without deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.

Everyone prefers to use one of the safest modes of transport. more people, and it cannot be explained at one cost. Indeed, for some destinations, the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, in 2018 on trains long distance carried almost 8% more passengers than last year. And the growth in the number of passengers on electric trains was almost 3%.


0.09 cases per million transported

In second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia is the trolleybus. According to the statistics of the NSS, for every million passengers carried there are only 0.09 accidents. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell”.

The reasons for the low injury rate of the trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as the low speed it develops. In a collision, for example, with a car, the car will be much worse. And the passengers of the trolleybus will get off with light bruises.


0.04 injured out of 1,000,000 people

The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million who arrived from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:

  • it moves more smoothly than a car and even a trolleybus;
  • less noisy;
  • completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists are trying to drive along the tracks);
  • of all urban transport is the least harmful to the environment.

Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is in the limited local budget, which simply cannot support a separate line. Over the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest form of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?

An upcoming trip to another city or a trip to the sea makes people think about which mode of transport to prefer. And here, some will choose a train, believing that it is safer, while others will fly by plane, spending less time moving. What kind of transport is actually considered the safest?

Public opinion

Opinion polls conducted over the past few years tend to show the same results. Of all types of transport, passengers consider the train the safest.

The plane is ranked among the most dangerous. Opinions about car rides were roughly evenly divided. With regard to maritime transport, the public tends to classify it rather as safe way movement. But this is only the opinion of passengers who hardly study the statistics of accidents, disasters and fatalities associated with them.

What does the statistics say?

If people prioritize airplanes as the most dangerous way to travel, then the statistics say quite the opposite. Statistics are compiled in such a way that mortality is taken as a basis (the number dead people) for 160,000,000 km of distance traveled. So when flying, this parameter is only 0.6-0.7 people. Rail transport the second place in safety is given - the mortality rate per 160,000,000 km of track is 0.9 people. The death toll in road traffic accidents is 1.6 people. Therefore, we can conclude that an airplane is the safest form of transport, and road transport is recognized as the most dangerous.


If you still doubt that flying is less dangerous than driving, here are some more facts In 2014, there were several plane crashes in the world that claimed 884 lives. And in our country alone, in the first six months of 2014, more than 10,000 people died in car accidents. So what kind of transportation would be safer? The answer is still obvious. Therefore, before the trip, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons, giving preference to one or another type of transport. And to get rid of the fear of flying (if anyone has any), here are some aviation facts.

1) An aircraft lands every three seconds in the world.

2) Donkeys kill more people than plane crashes.

3) If the chance of a daily catastrophe is at least 0.01 percent, then at least 13 planes should fall in a day.

4) A plane crash cannot be an accident - it is always a combination of some factors.

5) Before each flight, the aircraft undergoes a rigorous inspection and a complex technical condition check.

6) Over 80 percent of people on our planet are afraid to fly on airplanes, and 5 percent categorically refuse to do it, preferring trains or ships.

7) The plane cannot fall from a height of 10,000 km, as many fear. There is a lot of pressure under the wings of an airplane, so it stays in the air in the same way as a car on asphalt.

8) Russian pilots do not drink at the controls - this is a fiction of those people who are very afraid of flying.


Reading these facts may help reduce aerophobia. However, they are unlikely to be able to help those five percent of people who do not want to board the plane at all under any pretext.

The plane is, of course, fast, but sometimes it's still better to choose a train. 10 proofs of this are in our text.

Peter Korolev

travel expert

Ease of booking

In Russia, Europe and North America buying a train ticket is as easy as buying a plane or bus. On the websites of most railways, you can even purchase a special pass for an unlimited number of trips for a certain period (usually from one to seven days). This option is optimal for frequent travel from city to city and allows you to save from 20 to 60% of total transport costs.

An extensive railway network

Railways connect large and small cities, where it is impossible to build an airport or a major interchange hub. Often, it is in such small towns that the most interesting happens - unique gastronomic festivals, there are curious natural objects or just secluded places where you can escape from the bustle of the city and really feel like on vacation. Experience shows that it is ideal to get to such places by rail.

More communication

The atmosphere of travel by train is more conducive to communication with fellow travelers than flying. During the communication, you can learn a lot of interesting and important information for travel - where the best restaurants are located, which objects you should pay attention to, and which ones should be avoided so as not to waste time or risk your safety. Again, chatting with other seasoned tourists or local residents can be useful as a training for communication skills and language practice.

Arrival in the city center

Railways have been actively developing since the second half of the 19th century, so all major stations and train stations are located in the city center - you can easily reach the main attractions on foot. The massive construction of airports began a century later, now it is not uncommon for the airport to be 50-100 km away from the city you need. It is more convenient to use the train at distances of 50-400 km - a fact!

Compliance with the schedule

Airplanes are often delayed with departure or arrival, buses can stand in traffic jams for hours (including when crossing borders), only the train pleases with its punctuality - it follows a strict schedule, so you can calculate your own trip in advance with an accuracy of a minute.

Wide range of offers

When booking railway tickets, you always have a wider range of offers not only for different classes of service and comfort, but also for the types of trains. For example, in the European Union in different countries there are four to five classes of trains with different pricing policies. You can always choose the best option for your budget. Generally, the faster the train, the more expensive it is. However, with a travel time difference of 10-20 minutes, saving up to 50% of the ticket price is quite justified.

Traveling by train is already an excursion

There are several super expensive ones in the world tourist trains, for example, "Golden Eagle" in Russia or The Ghan in Australia, the price of tickets for which fluctuates around five-digit figures, as you understand, not in rubles, but there are also more budget options. For example, from Serbia to the Montenegrin coast, it is best to take a night train to admire the beautiful views of the mountain ranges in the early morning under the quiet sound of the wheels. It's amazing that the view from the window is still not charged! And in Switzerland, Finland or Italy railways in general, they are one of the most popular types of transport, which can take you anywhere in a reasonable time and in comfortable conditions.