Absolute height of Everest. Where is Everest: Interesting Facts about the famous grief. Jomolungma - Sacred Mount Sherpov

Or Everest or Sagarmatha - the most high mountain World. Yes, Jomolungma and Everest is the same thing.

Do not know, where is Jomolungma? We inform Mountain is part of the Mahalangur-Himal Range in mining system Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and Tibet. However, her peak itself is located in China. Next to Everest is a few more mountains above 7 kilometers -, Changzea, including another eight-year-old - Lhotse.

Jomolungma Mountain (Everest) - Height and Facts

Everest height - 8848 meters, and the last 4 meters of solid ice. Jomolungma "built" by nature in the form of a trothed pyramid, a southern slope sharper. From the array in all directions, glaciers flow up at an altitude of about 5 km. Mount Jomolungma Partially part of Nepalese national Park Sagarmatha. At the top of Jomolungma there are strongest winds, at a speed of up to 200 km / h.

Never rises above zero. The average rate in January is -36 ° C, but may fall to -60 at night. In July, the air warms up to -19.

But where is Jomolungma on the map.

Jomolungma Mountain: title history

Translated from the Tibetan "Jomolungma" means "Divine (Qomo) Mother (MA) of Life (Lung - Wind or Life Strength)", named so in honor of the Bon Goddess Sherab Zhambama.

From the Nepali name of the vertex of "Sagramatha" means "Mother of God".

English name that got Jomolungma - Everest (Mount Everest) is assigned to Sir George Everest, head of the Geodesic Service of British India in 1830-1843. This name was suggested in 1856 the successor of George Everest Andrew in, at the same time with the publication of the results of his employee Radhanat Sikdar, who in 1852 first measured the height of the "Peak XV" and showed that he was the highest world around.

Everest: History History

The first ascent to Jomolungma was committed on May 29, 1953 by Sherpe Tenzing Northeye and New Zealander Edmund Hillary through the southern saddle. They used oxygen appliances.

In the following years, climbers joined the conquest of the mountain different countries World - China, USA, India, Japan, Italy.

In the spring of 1975 Jomolungma, photo Which you look further, first storming the female expedition. The first woman who conquered Jomolungma was the Japanese climbing of Dzünko Tabay (1976). The first polls and the first european, rising to the top, was Wanda Rutkevich (1978). Ekaterina Ivanova (1990) became the first Russian woman who has reached the vertex (1990).

In May 1982, 11 participants in the Soviet expedition of the climbers conquered Everest, climbed by the previously impaired south-western slope, and 2 climbs were committed at night. Before that, none of the climbers who were part of the expedition did not rise above 7.6 km.

In the following years, again on the classical path of the inventors, the climbers of Great Britain, Nepal, USA, rose to Everest South Korea, Austria and other countries.

As a rule, conquers climbers in oxygen masks. At an altitude of 8 km, the air is resolved, and it is very difficult to breathe. The first without oxygen reached the vertices Italian Reynchold Messen and German Peter Habel in 1978.

Flights over Everest

In 2001, a married couple from France, Bertrand and Claire Bernier, flew down the top on the tablet-tandem.

In May 2004, Italian Angelo d'Arrigo for the first time in the history of the aeronautics made a flight at Deltaplane over the top of the highest mountain of the world.

On May 14, 2005, the Testier pilot Didier Dalsal successfully planted the Eurocopter AS 350 Ecureuil helicopter to the top of the mountain. It was the first case of a similar landing.

In 2008, 3 parachutists landed on top, jumped off the aircraft flying at an altitude of just less than 9 km (142 m above the top of the top point of the mountain).

Jomolungma and Ski Descents

The first attempt to descend from the top by means mountain Ski. It was undertaken in 1969 by the Japanese Miura. It ended not as he planned; Miura almost fell into the abyss, but miraculously managed to escape and stayed alive.

In 1992, a skier went down on the slope of Everest on skis, the Frenchman Pierre Tardowel. He came to S. southern VertainLocated at an altitude of 8571 m, and overcame 3 km in 3 hours.

After 4 years, the Italian skier Hans Kammerlander descended from a height of 6400 m along the northern slope.

In 1998, the Frenchman Kiril Desho made the first descent from the top on the snowboard.

In 2000, Slovenian Dava Carnichar came from Jomolungma on skiing.

Ascent to Everest: Cemetery and corpses on the mountain

Since the first climb to the top in 1953 became a cemetery for more than 200 people. The bodies of the fallen often remain on the slopes of the mountain due to the difficulties associated with their evacuation. Some of them serve as a landmark for climbers. The most frequent causes of death are: lack of oxygen, heart failure, frostbite, gathering avalanche.

Even the most expensive and modern equipment does not always guarantee a successful ascent to the highest peak of the world. Nevertheless, every year Jomolungma is trying to conquer on average about 500 people. The total number exceeded 3000 people.

The rise at the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and installation of camps. Loss of mass after climbing - an average of 10-15 kilograms. The main season of climbing Everest is spring and autumn, since there are no monsoons at that time. Spring is considered the most suitable season for climbing on the southern and northern slopes. In the fall, you can only rise from the south.

Currently, a significant part of the ascent is organized by specialized firms and is carried out as part of commercial groups. Customers of these firms pay the services of guides that conduct the necessary training provide equipment and, as far as possible, ensure safety throughout the path.

The cost of climbing "All Inclusive" (Equipment, Transport, Guides, Porters, etc.) is an average of 40 to 80 thousand US dollars, and one only permission to climb, issued by the Government of Nepal, costs from 10 to 25 thousand dollars per person (depending on the size of the group). Cheaper than just conquer Jomolungma from Tibet.

A significant part of travelers reaching the vertices currently make up rich tourists with minimal climbing experience.

According to experts, the success of the expedition directly depends on the weather and equipment. Climbing Everest continues to be a serious test for everyone, regardless of the degree of its preparation.

Acclimatization plays a significant role before the entrepreneur on Everest. A typical expedition on the south side spends up to two weeks to rise from Kathmandu to the base camp Jomolungma at an altitude of 5364 meters, and another month goes to acclimatization to height, before the first attempt to climb the top.

The most difficult area of \u200b\u200bclimbing Everest is the last 300 meters, called the climbers "the longest mile on earth." For the successful passage of this site, it is required to overcome the steep smooth stone slope covered with powder snow. No less difficult is the conquest of Chochi.

Jomolungma (Everest) and ecology

The number of tourists who visited the mountain (not a vertex) from Nepal and Tibet over the past ten years, was calculated by hundreds of thousands. The volume of garbage that has accumulated on the slopes of the mountain is so great that Jomolungma (Everest) is "the most high-altitude dump in the world." According to the calculations of environmentalists, after the conquerors there is an average of 3 kg of garbage on each.

Mount Jomolungma photo:

In Nepal, there lives a person who conquered the "top of the world" 21 times, and at the very top of the formerly maritime bottom, amazing spiders live. Mountain is still growing, it has not even two, but four official names and is not, by the way, the highest in the world.

(Just 10 photos)

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1. Himalayan spiders

Even high in the mountains, where oxygen is barely enough for breathing, we cannot hide from spiders. Euophrys Omnisuperstes, more famous as the Himalayan Jumping Spider, hides in secluded corners and the cracks of Everest, which makes it one of the most highly-way creatures on Earth. The climbers found them at an altitude of 6,700 meters. These spiders are able to eat almost all that can fly so high. With the exception of certain types of birds, these are the only living beings that are permanent in such height. True, in 1924, during the British expedition to Everest, a previously unknown view of grasshoppers was found here - now they are as exhibits in the British Museum of Natural Science.

2. The record of the entrerest to Everest - 21 times

Appa Tencing, also known as Appa Sherpa, was able to conquer the peak of the world 21 times. Its first climbing was accomplished in May 1990, after three earlier unsuccessful attempts. Apparently, navigating all the secrets of ascent, the APPA continued to conquer Everest every year - from 1990 to 2011. He repeatedly emphasized that the consequences of global warming are clearly visible in the mountains. The appa is concerned about the melting of snow and ice, which makes climbing the mountain more difficult, as well as the preservation of his nation, after his native village flooded the clearing glacier. The last four climbs to Everest Appa made in ecological expeditions.

The conquest of Everest is not as romantic as it may seem at first glance. Due to the significant development of the tourism industry, there is a significant increase in the number of climbing on the highest mountain of the world. So, in 1983, only 8 people reached the top, and in 2012, only 234 people got there. It is not surprising that when conquering Everest, traffic jams and even fights. So, in 2013, climbers from the street stack, Simon Moro and Jonathan Griffith got into a fight with sherpami after the request of the last stop climbing. Sherpi accused climbers in avalanche call. The spore began, which on emotions convert into a cruel fight using stones. It came to the threats to murder, but the climbers returned to the base camp, where the rest of the "colleagues" stood on their side. Even the army of Nepal had to intervene in the incident - then both sides of the conflict signed an agreement on its peaceful settlement.

4. 450 million years of history

Although the Himalayan Mountains formed about 60 million years ago, their history begins much earlier. 450 million years ago, limestone and rocks were part of the sedimentary layers, which were located below sea level. Over time, stones at the bottom of the ocean gathered together and began to move up 11 centimeters per year. Now on the top of Everest, you can find fossils marine beings. For the first time they were discovered in 1924 by the conductor Noel Odell - thus it was proved that the peak of Everest was once underwater. The first samples of rocks from the world vertex were returned to Swiss climbers in 1956 and a team from America in 1963.

5. Spores about height

What is the exact height of Everest? It depends on the side of which country you are. China stated that it was equal to 8844 meters, while Nepal claims that 8848 meters. This dispute happened due to the fact that China believes that the height should only be equal to the height of rock, excluding from the overall meters of the frozen snow. So this or not - remains a stick about the two ends, but the international community still includes snow in the height of the mountain. China and Nepal came to Agreement in 2010, finally approved the official height of 8848 meters.

6. Everest is still growing

According to the latest measurements, and China, and Nepal may be wrong about height. In 1994, the research team found that Everest continues to grow by 4 millimeters per year. The Indian subcontinent was originally an independent piece of sushi, which ran into Asia - Himalayas were formed. But the continental plates are still moving, and the height of the mountains is growing. American researchers in 1999 installed special equipment that allows you to monitor its change. Their more accurate measurements may lead to the fact that the official height of the mountain will be changed by 8850 meters. In the meantime, other tectonic activity leads to a decrease in Everest, but the results of the associate still provide its growth.

7. Everest has several names

Most of us know the mountain under the names of Everest and Jomolungma. Last name It comes from Tibet that in translation means "Divine (Qomo) Mother (MA) of Life (Lung)". But these are not the only names under which the mountain is known. So, in Nepal, it is called Sagarmatha ("forehead in the sky"), and she herself is part of the Nepali National Park "Sagarmatha". The name of Everest Mountain is obliged to British Geodesyist Andrew in who failed to find a single generally accepted name, even after a careful study of all environmental and communications with its inhabitants. Andrew decided to call the mountain in honor of the geographer worked in India, George Everest - head of the British team, who was the first to explore Himalayas. Everest himself refused such honor, but still the British representatives in 1865 changed the name of the mountain. Previously, it was called simply 15th peak.

8. Corks from people

The rise to Everest will cost a few thousand dollars, but the number of thirsty to conquer the top is growing steadily. In 2012, the German climber Ralph Duymvitz took a photo on which hundreds of people stand in line on the rise. By the way, because of bad weather and the long turn Ralph had to turn back from one of the passes called the southern saddle. And on May 19, 2012, those who wanted to climb the mountain to the top of the mountains were forced to stand in line at about two hours - 234 people climbed Everest in one day. However, on the same day, during the climb, four people were killed, which caused certain concerns about the safety of the conquest of the vertex, and the specialists from Nepal were set by the railing, which allow you to fight. Now the question of the installation of the staircase at the top is being discussed.

There are many photos showing the beauty of Everest from all possible angles, but there is also the reverse side of the medal: photos of a huge amount of garbage remaining after climbers. According to some estimates, there are about 50 tons of waste of various origins on Everest, and their number grows in proportion to the number of visits. On the slopes of the mountain you can see the used oxygen cylinders, climbing equipment and other vitality waste of climbers. In addition, the mountain "decorates" the bodies of the dead rocks - due to the difficulties with their transportation of the victim of an unsuccessful coincidence that remains on the slopes. Some of them serve as a landmark for other climbers. So who died in 1996, Tsevang Pavor "celebrates" height of 8,500 meters and even received the nickname "Green Boots" - for noticeable bright green shoes. Since 2008, a special environmental expedition is raised on the mountain every year (Eco Everest Expision), the purpose of which is to combat the pollution of Everest. On the this moment Thanks to this expedition, more than 13 tons of waste were collected. In 2014, the Government of Nepal introduced a new rule, according to which each climber during the descent from the mountain should bring with them at least 8 kilograms of waste - otherwise the deposit of $ 4,000 will be lost. There is also a creative project "Everest 8848": His artists turned 8 tons of waste in 75 artistic works, using even the remains of broken tents and beers from the beer. Thus, they are trying to pay attention to the pollution of the mountain.

10. Everest is not the highest mountain on Earth

Despite the fastest title, in fact, Everest is not the most high mountain in the world. Maun Kea is an inactive volcano in Hawaii - towers above sea level of "total" by 4205 meters, but 6,000 meters of its foundation are hidden under water. When measuring from the ocean bottom, its height is equal to 10 203 meters, which is almost one and a half kilometers more investers.

Everest is also not the most "convex" point of the planet. Dormant volcano Chimborazo in Ecuador reaches a height of 6267 meters above sea level, but is only one degree from the equator. Since our planet is a little thickened in the center, the sea level in Ecuador is located on from the center of the Earth than in Nepal, and it turns out that it is Chimboraceau from the point of view of stereometry high point Earth.

Mount Everest - Mountain Height Everest 8848 meters!

Mount Everest, is the highest mountain on earth. Mountain height Everest 8,848 meters above sea level. The mountain is part of the Himalayan ridge in Asia and is located on the border of countries: Nepal, Tibet and China. He is called Sagarmatha, Jomolungma. And in Nepal, he is called Sagamantha, which means the "goddess of the sky" and in Tibet - Jomolungma, which means the "mother of the Goddess of the Universe".

In 1856, when a large trigonometric study was carried out, the height of Mount Everest was established, it was 8.840 meters, the mountain was known as Peak XV. And in 1865, on the recommendation of the British Topographer, Andrei Waugha was assigned, official name "Everest". He could not offer a suitable name for a mountain, which would suit both Nepalese and Tibetans, so it was decided to call him "Everest"

Mount Everest attracts climbers of all levels, experienced and inexperienced. These climbers come with money and are ready to pay to mountain guides (conductors) to successfully climb the mountain peak. In the mountains, the climber always expect various dangers as low temperature, high-rise, oxygen fasting and wind. Despite this height, his peak of the mountain was stormed in the period until 2007, 2436 people were held, 3679 climbers. This suggests that mountaineering is a very popular sport. And for the Nepalets a significant source of income. The Government of Nepal requires, pay for permission to climb $ 25,000 per person. On Mount Everest, 210 people were killed, including 8 people during a snow storm in 1996.

History High Mountain Everest

Dating with Mount Everest, for the first time began in 1808 by the British. It was in the period of a large trigonometric study of India. To determine the location and height of the mountain, they used gigantic theodolites, weighing up to 500kg. They reached the foothill of Himalayas in 1830. But the conditions were difficult due to weather conditions and diseases. The season of pouring rains and malaria began, but despite this they were forced to continue observation. Three officers died from malaria, and two others had to quit the worsening of their health.

And only in 1856, Andrei Vaugh measured the height of Mount Everest. According to him, the height of the mountain was 8840 meters. They came to the conclusion that the mountain is the highest point in the world.

Their next task was, determined with the name of the peak, but I wanted to somehow save local names: Kanchenjang or Dhaulagiri. But Vaugh argued that he was unable to find some frequently used local name, in favor of both the Nepalese and Tibetan. Most famous title Mountains that existed several centuries was Jomolungma. But Vaugh argued that it would be difficult to find a consensus in favor of one particular name, and he suggested calling the peak XV George Everest, but George Everest himself was an opponent of such a peak name. And another problem arose named George Everest. This name on Hindi was translated as a "leaving from India." However, this name was still dominated, despite all the objections. And in 1865, the royal geographical society was officially accepted as "Everest", the highest mountain in the world.

There are two main climbing routes: to the southeast crest from Nepal and to the northeast ridge from Tibet. And there were also many other routes, due to the huge height of Mount Everest and the difficulty of climbing, they are rarely used. In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norki were the first to declare fifteen routes to the top of Mount Everest.

History of climbing the height of Mount Everest

1885 Clinton Thomas Dent, who was the president of the Alpine Club, wrote in his book a description of the climbing on Mount Everest.

In 1921, the expedition was headed by George Mallory. His first expedition was an exploration, not equipped for serious ascents. They were forced to descend from the mountain due to unpreparedness to climb.

1922 George Finch rose using active oxygen, which showed the first excellent speed of the entrerest of 290 meters per hour. Next, Mallory and Col-Felix-Nordon took the second attempt to conquer height. But seven people died in this expedition, they were left under avalanche.

1924 George Mallory and Andrew Irwin tried to climb to the top of the northeast ridge, they no longer returned. In 1999, the Mallory body was discovered by the research expedition. This expedition reached its goal, they conquered her height and rose to the top of Everest.

In 1953, the Ninth British Expedition under the leadership of John Hunt began his ascent on peak. They had to come back to Nepal. They made two right. Tom Boardillone and Charles Evans went the first pair, which reached a height of 100 meters and they had to return. Next, the second occasion, two days later, a couple of Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Northia. They climbed to the top and conquered the height of Everest on May 29, 1953 at 11:30 am, through South route, stopped to deploy the British flag and take pictures on the top of the peak, were buried in the snow before the descent with Everest,

1980 Reynhahold Messner rose to height for three days in full solitude, from a base camp for 6,500 meters, he got to mountain peak Mount Everest, for the first time without additional oxygen.

1996 turned out to be the most deadly year in the history of Mount Everest. Where, trying to descend from the top, as a result of the conquest of the height, fifteen people died.

2005 Pilot French Didier Dselled landed on a helicopter on top of Mount Everest.

In 2008, China paved 130 km asphalt concrete coating on the dirt road from the counties of Tingri to the Basic Camp of Everest. It became the most expensive coating of the road in the world. The company "Nina Telecom" near the base camp, built a high honeycomb, which provides a telephone coating throughout the path to the top of Mount Everest.

Mount Everest, she is Jomolungma - the highest mountain peak, its height is 8,848 meters. Partially part of the National Nepal Park "Sagramatha".

Where is the Mount Everest

Everest is part of the chain Himalayan Mountains. Its southern peak passes along the border of the PRC and Nepal, and the northern part is adjacent to the territory of the People's Republic of China.

Name

"Jomolungma" is a Tibetan word meaning "Divine Mother of Life Energy." Mount was called in honor of the goddess Sherac Zhambama, which personified her motherboard.

There is a mountain and another Tibetan name - "Chomogangkar", which means "Holy Mother, White, like snow."

His British name "Everest" Mountain received in honor of George Evesta, head of the geodesic service.

Description

His form Mount Everest resembles a trothed pyramid with a sharp southern slope. Because of the steepness, it never happens the perennial deposits of the recrystallized snow, called firty.

With the fourth height of the planet, Mount Lanka, Jomolungma is connected in the south of the South Saddle Pass. Northern saddle, completely covered with ice Pass with very cool slopes, connects Everest with Mount Changze ("Northern Peak"). In the east, Jomolungma ends with a wall Kangshung, the upper part of which is covered with glaciers.

Mountain height

Jomolungma was called upon the highest peak of the world in 1852. The Bengal Topographer and Mathematics Radhanat Sikdar said on the basis of produced trigonometric calculations.

However, the first measurement of height was carried out by the Geodesic Service of British India four years later. In their calculations, scientists were mistaken to eight meters and announced that the height of the jomolungma is 29,002 feet or 8,840 m.

Their mistake was fixed only after almost a hundred years, in 1950. Then, with the help of theodolites (measuring instruments for determining horizontal and vertical angles), Indian topographers set the correct height of the mountain peak, which is 8,840 m above sea level.

In 2010, the officially fixed height of the mountain was 8,848 m.

But on this attempts to determine the more accurate height did not end. The height of Jomolungma measured the American expedition, the Italian geologist Ardito Dezio. However, the results of their research were not recognized as reliable.

Facts about Jomolungma

1. Mount Everest is more than sixty million years. It is obliged to the Indian tectonic plate, which is steadily moving, collided with the Asian slab.
2. The cost of climbing the mountain is not at all cheap pleasure. Those who wish to climb to the top will have to not only post 85 thousand dollars, but also to get the official permission issued by the Nepalese government. It, by the way, is also not free and worth ten thousand dollars.
3. Do you know that many hours of traffic jams are not only on the roads, but also when climbing on top? Often they are accompanied by fights between climbers.
4. At the top of Everest blew the strongest winds. Their speed sometimes reaches 200 km / h. The situation aggravates and low temperatures. The average monthly temperature of the January air is lowered to -36 ° C (sometimes reduced to -60 ° C).
5. Forty days - the average period of time you need to climb up.
6. Periodically, when climbing Everest, the Sherpi (descendants of Tibetans emigrated to the south of Himalay) help the climbers.
7. Tourists make serious damage environment Jomolungma - destroy the trees and use them for heating, leave a lot of garbage after visiting. In this regard, it was decided that each climber rising to the top should take at least eight kg of garbage from Everest.
8. Due to the global warming, the Everest glaciers decreased by thirty percent, which may further adversely affect the water level in the Yangtze and Huang rivers.
9. The only ones of living beings can dwell at an altitude of 6,700 m above sea level - Himalayan jumping spiders. They chose the slopes of Everest.
10. Long time Jomolungma was an inaccessible place for white people. The reason for this was the ban of the governments of Nepal and Tibet, imposed on the visit to the mountain foreigners.

Who conquered Mount Everest

The first ascent to the top occurred in 1953. All fifty attempts conducted before that were failed.

British climbers George Finch and Jeffrey Bruce for the first time among climbers used oxygen, which allowed them to climb 8,320 meters.

Two years later, an expedition went to Everest as part of George Mallory and Andrew Irvina. There are still no disputes about whether the climbers of the vertices reached. The last time, before they were missing, men were seen 150 m from the top.

Among the climbers were those who did not differ common sense. Thus, the Englishman Maurice Wilson went to conquer the mountain without a special climbing preparation, fully vested to help supernatural forces. Before the top, the man did not get.

Until 1948, part of the mountain, adjacent to Nepal, was not available for climbing climbing. For this reason, the Europeans stormed only northern part Jomolungma. The very first attempt to get to the vertex from Nepal was held in 1949.

But nevertheless, the first to those who were submitted by Everest, Tencing Norgei (Sherp) and Edmund Hillary from New Zealand became.

After that climbing climbers from the USA, China, the USSR, India, Italy, Japan and other countries climbed.

The first woman who reached the top of Everest was Japanese Dzünko Tabay. And the first European - Polka Vanda Rutkevich, among the Soviet women - Ekaterina Ivanova.

After Everest stormed in different time years, with oxygen appliances and without them, alone and as part of expeditions, defeated the most complex routes and bypassing them.

To date, seven thousand climbing on the peak of the mountain were committed. The most elderly climber who was upstanding was the eighty-year-old Japanese Miuro Jachiro. And the youngest - American thirteen-year-old schoolboy Jordan Romero.

Everest - Mount of Death

But, unfortunately, not all attempts to conquer the vertex turn out to be successful.

Statistics says that since 1953 to our days, more than 260 people died at the mountain as climbing. Moreover, no expensive and high-quality equipment can serve as a guarantor of a successful outcome.

Stories are known to many cases of mass death of climbers. In May 1996, eight climbers froze on the southern slope. In 2014, the gathering of avalanche is the rest of the death of thirteen people, three missing.

Because of the bodies of the dead, which rest on the slopes of the mountain, many began to compare Everest with the cemetery. In some areas, climbers even have to overplace through the dead. So, for example, the corpse of a climbers who died in 1996 serves as a kind of 8,500 m. The bodies remain unlucky due to the difficulties in their evacuation.

How to get

To climb Everest, you must first get to the capital of Nepal - Kathmandu. To visit the National Park, you need to get PermT-permission. Getting documents will take about one day.

You can get to Everest on the aircraft from Tolcing-Hillary Airport, located in the village of Lukla. The plane accommodates fifteen passengers and flips every half hour.

Getting to Lucla from Kathmandu is best on the aircraft, because you can only get to the village of Salleri, and then only on foot.

There are several routes leading to the slopes of Everest. To begin with, it is better to stay on classic routes around Annapurna, to the Basic Camp of Everest or on Tracks in the Langtang area.

To look at Everest, you can use trackings (journey on foot) offered by various travel clubs and travel agencies.

Video about Mount Everest

Nepal was lucky to unusual sights. Not only is the country known as the birthplace of the Buddha; Here is the majority of the highest peaks of the world, 8 out of 14 eight-thousandnesses. Their number includes the highest on the planet Mountain - Everest.

She is also known under the name "Jomolungma": translated from Tibetan - "Divine Mother of Life." The international name "Everest" was assigned to the mountain in honor of the head of the geodesic service of the British India Sir George Everest simply because it was the staff of this institution in 1852 for the first time measured the height of Jomolungma, proving that her peak XV is the highest in the region and probably all over the world .

True, with an Everest height not everything is so obvious. Indian mathematician and topographer Radhanat Sikdar (employee of that service itself) based on trigonometric calculations and being 240 kilometers from Jomolungma, only suggested that it is the highest peak in the world. Practical calculations made after 4 years, gave a digit at 29,002 feet (8840 meters), proving the theory.

And then Everest was measured repeatedly, and it was "increased" from time to time - up to 8872 meters, depending on the techniques. Currently, an officially recognized mark is 8848 meters above sea level, of which four meters fall on the snow cap.

Here, in the world of rocks, snow and eternal ice, Moroving frosts up to minus 60 ° C, and at the top at a speed of up to 200 km / h are the strongest winds. At an altitude of 7925 meters, the so-called "death zone" begins, where only 30% oxygen is concentrated. It is worth adding permanent ice collars and snow avalanches - and will become apparent why no one could rise to the top for a long time. And now, despite the progress and all kinds of technologies, the rise occupies on average for two months, since it is accomplished in stages: with the installation of the camp for acclimatization.

Another complexity in the conquest of Jomolungma was that the mountain lies on the border of Nepal and China (Tibeta). From time to time, Nepal, then China, and at the same time both states closed for foreigners. One way or another, the first climb was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpe Tenzing Northeyem and New Zealander Edmund Hillar, after a numerous series of failures of previous expeditions.

Mountain has several names. The most common is Everest, assigned to the mountain in honor of the Englishman John Everest, who led the Geodesic Service of British India from 1830 to 1843. In Tibet, the top is called Jomolungma, which means "Divine". In Nepal, the name of the Sagarmatha, meaning the "mother of the gods", was fixed.

In total, Everest conquered about 4,000 people - it's about those who got to the top. To count the number of tourists with their shortened tours is not possible. Many of the among those who traveled to the "roof of the world" raised various kinds of records. It is a rise without oxygen cylinders, and stay without oxygen for almost a day, and descents from Everest on skis ... In 2001, Eric Wehysenmayer climbed to the top of Everest, in 2006, Mark Inglis, a mountaineer with two amputated legs. And the first woman who conquered Jomolungma was in 1976 Japanese Dzünko Tabay.

An expedition to Everest was planned by the British since 1893, but in the consequence of various reasons, the campaign was postponed year after year. Only in 1921 the first group was equipped. Start was taken from Darzhling. The purpose of the expedition was intelligence paths to climb on the northern slope. In subsequent years, the British more than once made attempts to conquer the main peak of the world, but the weather conditions and the lack of experience in the ascents did not allow them to conquer Everest. The result of these attempt was only the death of several people, the mountain still remained impregnable ...

The desire to conquer the "Divine", after a number of similar unsuccessful tripsIt was chosen from the British for a long time, and only after World War II, a person again turned his look at the top of the recalcitrant mountain. Again a number of preliminary expeditions were held, the purpose of which was to deliver equipment on the slopes of Everest. These were preparations for the jerk of the main group. And on May 29, 1953, Tencing Nougham and Edmund Hillary went to the top of the world ...

Nevertheless, Everest is, in the full sense of the word, the Mountain of Death. Storming this height, the climber knows that he has a chance not to return. Death can cause a lack of oxygen, heart failure, frostbite or injury. The fatal randomness, such as the durable valve of the oxygen cylinder, lead to death. Moreover, the path to the top is so complicated that, as Alexander Abramov said, Alexander Abramov said, "at an altitude of more than 8,000 meters it is impossible to afford the luxury of morality. Above 8000 meters, you are completely busy, and in such extreme conditions you have no extra strength to help a comrade. " The tragedy, which happened on Everest in May 2006, shook the whole world: 42 climbers were indifferent by a slowly frozen Englishman David Sharpe, but no one helped him. Some of them were the TV channel "Discovery", which tried to interview the dying and, photographed it, left one ...

Over all these years, more than 200 people died at Everest, and only the bodies of units were lowered from the top. The rest are buried by meter snow or bare winds and "meet" along the way to the top of other climbers. These are the laws of Everest: the higher the height, the less humanity remains in humans. It happened more than once that the rising group could help you in trouble, but to assist - it means to complete the campaign, refuse the dream. Many passed by, and when they went back - the help was no longer required.

Vladimir Vysotsky has a song " Better Gor. There can be only mountains ", and this is true. The exception is only Jomolungma. What is the climber who conquered the main vertex in his life? Joy or disappointment, from what the main goal is achieved, and then will be the mountains "smaller"?!

Initially, the vertex was not considered the highest in the world, according to the results of the first top photography (1823-1843), it was listed in the classifier as the top of the "XV" (Dhyualairi was in line with this list). And only after the second top photography (1845-1850), everything fell into place. In 1921, the first expedition to Jomolungma to intelligence the path of climbing from the north, from Tibet. Based on the intelligence data, the British under the leadership of Mallory in 1922 stormed the top, but monsoon, snowfall and the lack of experiences of high-altitude ascents did not give them the opportunity to make climbing. In 1924 - the third expedition to Jomolungmu. Group did not have an altitude of 8125 m, the next day One of the participants (Norton) has reached a height of 8527 m, but was forced to return. A few days later, the second attempt was made on the northeast ridge (Bunch of Mallory, Irwin with the use of oxygen cylinders), the climbers did not return, there is still an opinion that they could be at the top of Jomolungma. The following pre-war expeditions to the area did not bring new Results. In 1952, the Swiss expedition went to the assault of Everest from the south. Twice in 1952, Lambert and Norky Tenzing rose above 8000 meters, but in both cases the weather forced them to turn them. In 1953, the English expedition under the leadership of Colonel Khanta went to Everest (Jomolungma), and the New Zealand climbers joined them, one of which He was E. Hillary, they should have helped the British to move through the icefall Khumba, the Sherp Norki tension was included in the assault group. There is a legend that the conquest of Everest was preparing as a gift to Queen Elizabeth II on the day of coronation. May 17, the first twice - the British Evans and Burdillon reached the southern vertex, where they left oxygen and a tent for the next assault group. And on May 29, 1953 Sherpov Norky Tension and New Zealandets Edmund Hillary reached the vertices. On May 8, 1978, R. Messen and P. Habeler committed that it was considered impossible - the first climb of Everest without oxygen. Messner described his senses: "In a state of spiritual abstraction, I have no longer belonged to my vision. I am nothing more than a lonely heavy breathable light, floating over the fogs and vertices. " On May 16, 1975, the first woman rose to Everest, it was Junko Tabei (Japan). First ascent of Soviet climbers for the most high vertex Earth took place in May 1982. The Soviet team of 9 people rose to the top of Everest, along a very difficult, previously passed route on the southwestern wall.