Where are the Himalayan mountains on physical. Himalayas - the highest mountain system of the earth
From school times, we all know that the highest mountain on the planet is Everest, and she is in the Himalayas. But not everything clearly imagines, where, in fact, are the mountains of Himalayas? In recent years, has become very popular mountain tourismAnd if you are fond of them, then this is a miracle of nature - Himalayas, worth a visit certainly!
And these mountains are located in the territory of the five states: India, China, Nepal, Bhutan and Pakistan. The total length of the largest mining system on our planet is 2400 kilometers, and its width is 350 kilometers. In height, many tops of Himalayas - record holders. There are ten highest peaks on the planet, with a height of more than eight thousand meters.
- Everest or Jomolungma 8848 meters high above sea level. Highest mountain In the Himalayas conquered a person only in 1953. All the ascents that were before, were not crowned with success, because the mountain slopes are very cool and dangerous. The tops blow the strongest winds, which, in combination with very low night temperatures, are complex tests for those who drove to the conquest of this hard-to-reach vertex. Everest himself is on the border of two states - China and Nepal.
In India, Himalayas Mountains thanks to the stronger slopes, which are not as dangerous, have become a refuge for monks who preach Buddhism and Hinduism. Their monasteries in large numbers are located in the Himalayas in India and Nepal. From all over the world, pilgrims flock here, followers of these religions and just tourists. Thanks to this, Himalayas in these regions are very visited.
And here ski tourism In the Himalayas is not popular, because for skiing there are no suitable gestures, which massively attract holidaymakers. All states where Himalayas are located mainly among climbers and pilgrims.
Journey to the Himalayas is not such a simple adventure, it is only hardy and strong in spirit. And if you have these forces in stock, then it is necessary to go to India or Nepal. Here you can visit the most beautiful temples and monasteries, spread on the picturesque slopes, take part in the evening prayer of Buddhist monks, and at dawn there is a relaxing meditation and classes of Hatha Yoga, which are carried out by Indian Guru. Traveling in the mountains, you will see the first to see where such great rivers, like Gang, Ind and Brahmaputra originate
.Majestic Himalayas ... the harsh land of pristine beauty, where a person can stay alone with the whole world. Thousands of square kilometers of mountains and amazing wildlife, imposing thoughts on the eternal secrets of being, - all this can find a wanderer in the Himalayas. Here is the top of the world, and we invite you to learn more about it.
Where are the Himalayas
About 70 million years ago, two gigantic tectonic plates were collided - Indo-American and Eurasian. Powerful push laid the beginning of the largest mountain system on our planet. Just imagine: it takes 0.4% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe planet, which is incredibly much in the ratio with other geographic objects.
Himalayas are located on the mainland of Eurasia, in the Asian part. They border in the north with Tibetan Highlands, in the south - with Indo-Ganga Plain. The length of the system is more than 2,400 km, the width reaches 350 km. To the southern part of Himalayas, the so-called prefimalanes are smaller Salymk Mountains. In this mining system there are many of the highest peaks in the world. The average height of the mountain crests of the Himalayas is 6000 meters. The highest is the famous Mount Everest (otherwise - Jomolungma, 8848 meters). And this, as we probably remember, is the highest point of our planet.
The ridges of the Himalayas give the beginning the most big rivers In the south of Asia: Ind, Gangu and Brahmaputre.
We already have the first data, namely where the Himalayas Mountains are located. Specificable about countries having a mountain landscape, further.
Countries whose territories cover Himalayas
Since the boundaries of countries are divided almost regardless of embossed features, the Himalayas mountain ranges are located in several. These countries are India, Nepal, China (locality known as Tibet), Bhutan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Tajikistan. Each of them got along the site of an excellent natural formation.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe entire mountain system is about 650 thousand square kilometers. In remoteness one from the other, many nations live here. Natural conditions Here is extremely tough: cold at large altitudes, dangerous relief. but local residents We are glad to your magnificent home.
The first secrets have already opened the Himalayas: where are the country (even a few), which has mountainous areas on its territory. Next, O. climatic conditions In the territories of Himalayas.
Features of climate
Himalayas Mountains are a particularly large form of relief. The mountains themselves on the southern side of them are swampy jungle, lush tropical forests, coniferous and deciduous, as well as the diversity of shrub plants and meadows. Northern slopes are not so rich and diverse. Their surfaces are semi-deserts and mountain steps. The ridges of the Himalayan ridges belong to the Alpine type - sharp, cool. They are huge glaciers in non-day quantities.
It is noteworthy that the coordinates where the Himalayas are, such that mining system It serves as a natural climatic line between the tropics of the south and the deserted lands of the north of Himalayas. Colossal squares and large altings of the mountains strongly influenced the climate of the surrounding countries. So, the south of the Himalayas, at their foot, is the city with the greatest amount of precipitation on the planet. This happens because the mountains delay the precipitate moving with air masses from the Indian Ocean, and they fall out from their foot. At an altitude of 4500 meters above sea level in the Himalayas, the zone of eternal snow is running.
Himalayas where there are huge glaciers, we were impressed. What about the residents of the mining system?
Residents of the mining system
Surprisingly, in such harsh conditions, a lot of people live like in the Himalayas. According to scientists, the memo on the first settlements of the area of \u200b\u200bthe mining system belongs to 8000 BC. e. People came from the south (nation from the Industan Peninsula), and from the northeastern direction (Tibetans), and from the West (Turkic peoples).
People arranged their settlements in the valleys. The remoteness of them one from another contributed to the separated development of these ethnic groups.
The readers probably wondered: how can I survive in such an intelligent places? Those communities who led a settling lifestyle were engaged in a natural economy where there were all conditions for this: a horizontal surface, water, more or less fertile soil, a suitable climate. Modern residents of the Himalayan Valleys also provide themselves with their own difficulty. Here is another phenomenon that the Himalayas struck us, where one of the most ancient natural farms are located.
At higher territories, the key occupation of the local population is distant cattle breeding. The opportunity to deal with almost everywhere to the edge of the snow.
And we will consider some more facts that it will be interesting to know about the Himalayas.
In addition to knowing where Himalayas are located, several other features of this corner of the planet will also be interesting. What is the most impregnable, the highest (in the average) mining system in the world, we know about the Himalayas. But what does their name mean?
The word "Himalayas" means "snow abode". And indeed: after all, at an altitude of 4.5 kilometers, snow here never goes. By the number of snow, this natural form is in third place on the planet. They overtook the Himalayas only the Arctic and Antarctic.
It is also interesting to find out that with such a cold climate, on most territories, the Hindus are confident that they are the head of their god Shiva.
Mount Everest (Jomolungma) is the highest in the world (above sea level). It is associated with triumph. Elerest literally try to extremals from all over the world. For the first time this happened in 1953, when the vertices reached Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Nugi. Mountaineering in the Himalayas is very popular. The mining system contains ten of the fourteen mountains of eight thousands (in fact, their height is even a little more). To conquer them all - the dream of climbers professionals.
On this, our article about where the Himalayas are and what is this mining system, comes to completion.
Conclusion
"The abode of snow", Himalayas - the mountains, to which the prefix "most" was firmly attached. The highest, the most impregnable ... and people seek to get here in order to experience the power of nature that created such a miracle. But Himalayas do not invite guests. They are unshakable and harshs. However, bold travelers should try to become friends with "Podnebyss". Yes, really "subwayen", because the sky is so close here!
I can't boast that climbed on one of the tops of this great mountain system. But I was able to visit her foot. Feelings are simply indescribable.
Himalayas are immediately in five countries
I was able to see the Himalayas in India, but in addition to this country, this mountain system "found his house" is still on the territory of Pakistan, Bhutan, China and Nepal. Due to the Himalayan glaciers, these greatest rivers feed on:
- Ganges;
- Brahmaputra.
Just crowds come here not only curious tourists, but also professional climbers, most of whom want to conquer the peaks of Jomolungma or Everest (they belong to this mountain system). But S. ski resorts Everything is bad here, or rather, very little. The most famous is called Gulmarg.
Just think, the area of \u200b\u200bthis mining system is 650,000 kilometers. This is more than any european country.
There is a lot of interesting parks, some of them are under the protection of UNESCO. If possible, visit National Park In Nanda-Devi. I also happened to spend one day in the Ladakh district. For tourists, it was opened quite recently. Here we live just amazing people who are honored Tibetan traditions and wear national clothes.
A little about tours to these places
The so-called high season in Himalayas lasts from the beginning of May and until the end of October. The rest of the time here is cold and tourists do not really want to go here. If we talk about classic tours, which includes visits to all the iconic attractions, the price tag on them begins from $ 1,200. Flights to this value are not included.
Nepal
This state is called the heart of Himalayas. It is in this federal republic that the snow-covered top of Jomolungma is located. To "boil" on the highest point of the planet here every year flying like moths, thousands of extremals and bravery.
For the first time, this vertex was conquered more than half a century ago. Of course, not all climbers manage to climb here well, every year a lot of people die here. But recently, one climber even descended from here on skiing.
In this article, I will tell you about the most beautiful, the most fascinating and most amazing
mountains of our immense planet. It - Majestic Himalayas .
There are no such mountains anywhere else in the world.
Himalayas - This is a harsh edge of snow vertices towering above the earth. Mighty peaks of Himalayas are in the zone of eternal snow. In the afternoon, in the rays of the bright sun sparkle their snow-white caps, at sunset gently red painted their vertices, where on pink ridges of the mountains can be observed a bizarre game of light and shadow. With the arrival of the night, the isochki vertices are drawn against the background of a blue-black starry sky.
Himalayas - This is not only one of the most beautiful places created by nature itself, it is a sacred land which dwells Buddhist and Hindu deities. Himalayan Mountains – this is the largest mining system, a length of 2400 kilometers. From cold White Pyramid Namsha Barwa in the forests of Northern Assam in the East, this "Resident Snow" it stretches to the west along the border of Tibetan Highlands through Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Ladakh.
They ends in Pakistan with a powerful Western bastion of Nanga Parbat. The peaks of the southern Salyk mountains rise to the maximum on 1520 meters above sea level. On the north they border with small Himalayas, their average height is 4,570 meters.
The basis of the entire system is Large Himalayas Reaching maximum height in the territory of Nepal. There are 9 of the 14 highest faces in a small space. 
tire, including Everest (8846 m), Kanchen-Dzhanga height 8598 m, and Annapurna (8078 m). North of large Himalayas, is located mountain Ridge, called Tibetan Himalayas (called the theth), with a huge Tibetan Highlage. The geologists found that the emergence of the Himalayan mountains, there was a minimum of three stages. Big Himalayas were formed first (approximately 38 million years ago); Following small Himalayas (about 26 and 27 million years ago); Finally, at the third stage, the Salymk Mountains appeared (approximately 7 million years ago). For the last 1 500 million years, the mountains rose 1370 meters away. In Hindu mythology, this region is called Deviabukhuni - the country of the gods. According to the legend - on top of Gaurishankar lived the great God of Shiva with his wife de 
we and daughter Himavat. Shiva
- One of the supreme gods belonging to the Divine Trinity, the "Host of Animals". Therefore, his dwelling is among the eternal snow of Himalayas and three great Asian Rivers flow out of it - Indea, BrahmaputrA and Gang. However, judging by the ancient Hindu and Buddhist legends, the God of Shiva and his spouse is not the only deities inhabiting the Himalayan mountains.
The legends say that here, in the center of the Earth, stands the mountain to the measure, around which the sun is rotated, the moon and stars. And it is here that the cube lives - the God of wealth, the owner of terrestrial treasures and the lord of supernatural beings called Yakshami. Also (according to legend), the main one of the early Hindu gods lives on Mount Mere, Thunder. Giving rain and fertilizing the land of Indra. In 400 BC In search of religious truth, the Chinese monk Fa Xiang came to Himalayas. And French geographer Jean Baptiste Burgignon D 'Arvil was the most old accurate map in the 1930s of the 18th century. However, at that time, the batter could not correctly determine the height of many mountain peaks.
At the beginning of X. 
IX century English, hunters on large animals (tigers and bears), returning from Himalayas retelling local legends about strange traces in the snow. It was the first mention of the existence of a "snow man." In 50 years XIX century High top of the world It was known to the West just like peak XV. Indians called him Sagarmatha - "Heavenly Top"; For Tibetans, it was Jomolungma - i.e. "Mother Goddess of Earth." In 1862, the vertex was named Everest, this name was given to it by the British, in honor of Sir John Everest, Governor-General of India. Six years earlier, Sir J. Everest headed the expedition to be applied to the card Himalayan mountains.
By the end of the XIX century Tibet and Nepal Closed their borders for Europeans. And in 1921, the permission of the Dalais Lama, one expedition still visited the country. But they were able to get only before the foot of Everest and put on the map only his lower slopes. Three years later, in 1924, George Mallory (a member of the pastexpeditions) took
desperate attempt to climb on highest vertex World. Mallory and his comrade Andrew Irwin were perhaps the first people who stood on top of Everest. They were almost at the peak itself when they were covered with a cloud. After that, no one ever seen them.
30 years later, the conquest of Everest feared British 
Expedition headed by John Hantt. But, he could not reach the top.
The last assault was taken by New Zelandets Edmund Hillary and Nonhai Tenitsing. They were the first to stand there, where no people stood before them.
The attractiveness of Everest for climbers is undoubted, althoughmany attempts to achieve the vertices ended in failure, and sometimes the death of participants in expeditions. However, climbers do not stop nothing. To this day, they continue to storm the highest peak. But so far only 400 of them were able to reach the top and stand up on the "roof of the world."
Himalayas and Everest thoroughly protect their secrets, they also remain the only snow kingdom in their own way - the abode of the gods.
And a person will never comprehend these secrets.
The greatest mountains of the world will forever remain a mystery to humanity ...
However, these unique mountains are inhabited by some creatures, not afraid to settle on the snowy tops of the Himalayas.
See stunning documentary about the inhabitants of Himalayan verkhin.
Himalayas - in the world, the name of which translated from Sanskrit literally means "the place where the snow lives". Located in South Asia, this mountain chain shares the Indo-Ganga Plain and here are the most closest points to the sky on the planet Earth, among whom Everest includes, the highest point (the Himalayas are not in vain called the "roof of the world"). He is known and under a different name - Jomolungma.
Mountain ecology
Himalayan mountains are distinguished by a wide variety of landscape forms. Himalayas run on the territory of the whole five states: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Pakistan. Three large and powerful rivers - Ind, Gang and Brahmaputra take their beginning in the mountains. Flora and Fauna Himalayas are directly dependent on climate, precipitation, altitude of the mountains and the state of the soil.
For the surroundings of the foot of the mountains, the tropical climate is characterized, while on tops lie eternal ice and snow. Annual precipitation increases in the direction from the west to the East. Unique natural heritage And the height of the Himalayan mountains is subject to modifications due to various climatic processes.
Geological features
Himalayas - Mountains in consisting mainly of sedimentary and mixed rocks. A distinctive feature of the mountain slopes are their steepness and peaks in the form of a peak or ridge covered eternal ice and snow and occupying about 33 thousand km². Himalayas, the height of which places reaches almost nine kilometers, are relatively young, compared to other, more ancient mountain systems of the Earth.
Like 70 million years ago, the Indian plate still continues its movement and moves to a distance of up to 67 millimeters per year, and over the next 10 million years it will move by 1.5 km in the Asian direction. Activated from the point of view of the geology of the vertex does the fact that the height of the Himalayan mountains increases, gradually rising approximately 5 mm per year. Such minor, at first glance, the processes over time have powerful intake in geological terms, in addition, the region is unstable from a seismic point of view, sometimes earthquakes occur.
River system of Himalaya
Himalayas are third in terms of deposits of ice and snow in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. There are approximately 15 thousand glaciers in the mountains, which contain about 12 thousand cubic kilometers of fresh water. The highest areas are covered with snow all year round. Taking their origins in Tibet Ind is the largest and full riverin which there are many small. It proceeds in the southwest direction through India, Pakistan and flows into the Arabian Sea.
Himalayas, whose height at the highest point reaches almost 9 kilometers, are characterized by a large river variety. The main water sources of the Ganges Brahmaputra basin are the Gang Rivers, Brahmaputra and Yamuna. Brahmaputra connects with Gangom to Bangladesh, and together they fall into the Bengal Bay.
Mountain lakes
The highest Himalayan lake, Gurudongmar in Sikkim (India), is located at an altitude of about 5 kilometers. In the vicinity of Himalayas there is a huge number of picturesque lakes, most of which are located at an altitude of less than 5 kilometers above sea level. Some lakes are considered sacred in India. Nepalese Lake Titeo in the vicinity of the mountain landscapes Annapurna is one of the most highly mountainous on the planet.
Large Himalayan mountain chains contain hundreds of beautiful lakes in India and neighboring Tibet and Nepal. Himalayan lakes give a special attractiveness to magnificent mountain landscapes, many of them are sheaven with old legends and interesting stories.
Impact on climate
Himalayas are provided big influence on climate formation. They prevent the streams of cold dry winds in the southern direction, which allows you to reign in South Asia a warm climate. A natural barrier for monsoons (causing strong livne) is formed, which prevents them in the northern direction. The mountain range plays its own role in the process of formation of tetlamakan deserts and Gobi.
The main part of the Himalayan mountains is subject to the influence of sub-screening factors. In the summer and spring season here is quite hot: the average temperature of the air reaches 35 ° C. At this time of the year, the monso brings with them a large amount of precipitation from the Indian Ocean, which then falls out on the southern mountain slopes.
People and culture of Himalayas
because of climatic features Himalayas (Mountains in Asia) are a sufficiently incomplete region. Most people live on lowlands. Some of them earn a living as guides for tourists and accompanying for climbers who come to conquer some mountain peaks. Mountains were a natural barrier for thousands of years. They stopped the assimilation and the inner part of Asia with Indian peoples.
Some tribes are based in mountain chain Himalayas, namely on the territory of Northeast India, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, parts of Western Bengal and others. Only in Arunachal Pradesh live more than 80 tribes. The Himalayan Mountains are one of the largest places in the world with a large number of extinct animal species, since the hunt is a very popular activity in the vicinity of Himalayas. The main religions are Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. The famous Himalayan myth has become a story about a snowy person who lives somewhere in the mountains.
Height of the Himalayan Mountains
Himalayas rise by almost 9 kilometers above sea level. They extend to the distance about 2.4 thousand kilometers from the Indus Valley in the West to the Brahmaputra Valley in the East. Some mountain peaks are considered sacred among the local population, and many Hindus and Buddhists make pilgrimages in these places.
On average, the height of the Himalayan mountains in meters together with glaciers reaches 3.2 thousand. Mining ascent, which has gained popularity at the end of the XIX century, has become the main activity of tourist extremal. In 1953, from New Zealand and Sherp Tencing Norki were the first to conquer Everest (the highest point).
Everest: Mountain Height (Himalayas)
Everest, also known as Jomolungma, is highest point Planets. What is the height of the mountain? Himalayas, known to hard-to-reach peaks, attract thousands of travelers, but the main goal is a jomolungum 8.848 kilometer height. This place is just a paradise for tourists who cannot submit their lives without risk and extreme.
The height of the Himalayan mountains attracts a large number of climbers from all over globe. As a rule, significant technical difficulties with ascent on certain routes do not arise, but Everest pays many other dangerous factors, such as the fear of height, a sharp change of weather conditions, lack of oxygen and a very strong impetuous wind.
Scientists were exactly the height of each mining system on Earth. This became possible due to the use of the NASA satellite surveillance system. Having measured the height of each mountain, concluded that 10 of the 14th on the planet is in the Himalayas. Each of these mountains belongs to the special list of "eight-thousandths". The conquest of all these vertices is considered the peak of the mastery of the climbers.
Natural features of Himalayas at different levels
Himalayan wetlands, located at the foot of the mountains, are called "therai" and are characterized by a large variety of vegetation. Here you can meet 5-meter thickets of herbs, palm trees with coconuts, ferns and bamboo thickets. At an altitude of 400 meters to 1.5 kilometers there is a strip of wet forests. In addition to numerous species of trees, magnolia, citrus and camphor laurel grow here.
At a higher level (up to 2.5 km), mountainous space filled the evergreens subtropical, as well as deciduous forests, here you can meet mimosu, maple, cherry, chestnut, oak, wild cherry, alpine moss. Coniferous forests stretch to a height of 4 km. At such a height of the trees is becoming less and replaced by field vegetation in the form of grass and shrubs.
Starting from 4.5 km above the sea level of the Himalayas are the zone of eternal glaciers and snow cover. Animal world Also varied. In different parts of the mountainous surroundings, you can face bears, elephants, antilopes, rhino, monkeys, goat and many other mammals. There are many snakes and reptiles, which represent a greater danger to people.
Himalayas are the highest mountain system on Earth. By now, the top of Jomolungma (Everest) conquered about 1200 times. Including at the most peak managed to rise by a man of 60 years and a thirteen-year-old teenager, and in 1998, the top conquered the first person with disabilities.