Where is the Caucasus Mountain on the Physical Map. Caucasian mountains. Relief, climate of the Caucasian Mountains. Mountain system, location of the Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains are located on the variety of Caspian and Black Seas. From the Eastern European Plain, the Caucasus separates Kuro-Manic Wpadina. The territory of the Caucasus can be divided into several parts: the Predog Caucasus, the Big Caucasus and the Transcaucasus. In the territory Russian Federation Only the Pre-Based and northern part Big Caucasus. The last two parts together are called the North Caucasus. However, for Russia, this part of the territory is the most southern. Here, on the ridge of the Main Ridge, the State Border of the Russian Federation is held, followed by Georgia and Azerbaijan. The entire Caucasian ridge system covers an area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 2600 m2, and it takes it about 1450 m2, while southern only about 1150 m2.
North Caucasian Mountains Comparatively young. The relief of them was created by different tectonic structures. In the southern part, folded-boulder mountains and the foothills of the Greater Caucasus are located. They were formed when filling in deep deflection zones with sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which later underwent folding. Tectonic processes here were accompanied by significant bends, stretching, breaking and fault faults. As a result of this, a large amount of magma was poured on the surface (this led to the formation of significant ore deposits). Raises that happened here in the non -ogenic and quaternary periods led to the elevation of the surface and the similarity of the relief that exists today. The rise of the central part of the Greater Caucasus was accompanied by lowering the layers at the edges of the resulting ridge. So in the east, the Terek-Caspian deflection was formed, and in the west of Indo-Kubansky.
Often, the big Caucasus represent as the only ridge. In fact, this is a whole system of various ridges that can be divided into several parts. The Western Caucasus is located from the Black Sea coast to Mount Elbrus, then (from Elbrus to Kazbeka) follows the Central Caucasus, and east of Kazbek to the Caspian Sea - the East Caucasus. In addition, two ridges can be distinguished in the longitudinal direction: water-generable (sometimes called it mainly) and side. On the northern slope of the Caucasus, the rocky and pasture ridges are distinguished, as well as Black Mountains. They were formed as a result of the searches of the reservoirs, isolated from different solidity of sedimentary rocks. One slope of the ridge here is flat, and the other breaks down quite sharply. As the axial zone removes the height of the mountain ranges decreases.
The chain of the Western Caucasus begins at the Taman Peninsula. At the very beginning, it is rather not even the mountains, but the hills. They begin to rise to the east. The highest parts of the North Caucasus are covered with snow caps and glaciers. The highest peaks of the Western Caucasus are Fisht Mountains (2870 meters) and Oshten (2810 meters). The highest part of the Mining System of the Big Caucasus is the Central Caucasus. Even some passes at this point reach a height of 3 thousand meters, and the lowest of them (crusad) lies at an altitude of 2380 meters. Here are the highest peaks of the Caucasus. So, for example, the height of the Mount Cazbek is 5033 meters, and the double-headed dormant volcano Elbrus and is at all the highest peak of Russia.
The relief here is very disseminated: sharp crests prevail, steep slopes and rocky peaks. The eastern part of the Big Caucasus is mainly numerous ridges Dagestan (translated the name of this region means "mountainous country"). There are complex branched ridges with steep slopes and deep canyon-shaped river valleys. However, the height of the vertices is less here than in the central part of the mining system, but still they exceed the height of 4 thousand meters. Raising the Caucasian mountains continues in our time. Pretty frequent earthquakes in this region of Russia are connected with this. To the north of the Central Caucasus, where the magma rising in the crack cracks did not pour into the surface, they were formed low, the so-called island mountains. The largest of them are Beshtau (1400 meters) and Mashuk (993 meters). Numerous sources of mineral waters are located at their base.
The so-called Precaucasis is occupied by the Kubanskaya and Terek-Kum lowland. They are separated from each other, the Stavropol elevation, the height of which is 700-800 meters. Stavropol elevation is dismembered by wide and deep embedded valleys, beams and ravines. Based on this site, a young stove lies. The structure is made up of non -ogenic formations covered with limestone deposits - lessisa and lessoidal sublinks, and in the eastern part of the marine sediments of the Quaternary period. Climate regime on this territory is quite favorable. Pretty high mountains serve as a good obstacle for penetrating cold air here. Also affects the proximity of a long cooling sea. The Big Caucasus is the boundary between two climatic belts - subtropical and moderate. In the Russian territory, the climate is still moderate, but the above factors contribute to quite high temperatures.
The Caucasus Mountains as a result of the winter in the predfaccasia are sufficiently warm (the average temperature in January is about -5 ° C). This is facilitated by the warm air masses incoming from the Atlantic Ocean. On the Black Sea coast The temperature is at all rarely lowered below the zero mark (the average temperature of January 3 ° C). IN mountainous areas Temperature, naturally, below. So, the average temperature on the plain in the summer is about 25 ° C, and in the upper reaches of the mountains - 0 ° C. The precipitation on this territory is mainly due to cyclone coming from the West, as a result of which their amount to the east gradually decreases.
Most of the precipitation falls on the southwestern slopes of the Big Caucasus. Their number at the Kubansky Plain is about 7 times lower. In the mountains of the North Caucasus, an olelion is developed, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich this area ranks first among all areas of Russia. The rivers flowing here are powered by water formed by melting glaciers. The largest Caucasian rivers are Kuban and Terek, as well as their numerous tributaries. Mountain rivers, as usual, are fleeting, and in their lower reaches there are wetlands of crumpled reed and cane.
Caucasian Mountains - Great section between Europe and Asia. The Caucasus is a narrow strip of sushi between the Black and Caspian seas. It amazes an incredible variety of climate, flora and fauna.
The pride of the Caucasus is his mountains! Without the mountains, the Caucasus is not Caucasus. Mountains are unique, majestic and impregnable. The Caucasus is amazingly beautiful. He is so different. On the mountains you can watch for hours.
The mountain range of the Grand Caucasus is a lot of pastures, forests, as well as amazing wonders of nature. More than 2 thousand glaciers are descended by narrow gorges. A large mountain chain is almost one and a half thousand kilometers from the North-West to the southeast. The main vertices exceed 5 thousand meters and significantly affect the weather in the regions. Clouds that are formed over the Black Sea, shed rains, pouring out on mountain peaks Caucasus. On the one hand, the ridge is severe landscape, and on the other - stormy vegetation. Here you can meet more than 6 and a half thousand species of plants, a quarter of which, not to find anywhere else in the world.
There are many legends about the origin of the Caucasian Mountains:
Long ago, when the Earth was still very young, a huge plain extended on the site of the modern territory of the Caucasus. They lived here in the world and love huge nurts narnts. They were kind and prudent, happily met and day and night, did not know any evil, nor envy, no cunning. The ruler of this people was the gray-haired Giant Elbrus, and he had a wonderful son Beshtau, and his son had a charming bride, beautiful Mashuki. But they had an evil envious - Korean. And he decided to harm nases. He prepared a terrible potion, in which the wolf teeth mixed, the kabana's tongue and the snake's eyes. On a big holiday, he poured the potion in all drinks of narts. And, having drank it, they acquired the greed of boar, the anger of the wolf and the cunning of the snake. And since that time, the happy and carefree life of narts. He decided to beat off his son with his son a young bride and sending him to hunt, wanted to marry Mashuki forcibly. But Mashuki Elbrus resisted. And in the evil battle she lost her wedding ring. I saw Ring Beshtau and hurried to the aid of the bride. And a terrible battle has not faced a not for life, but to death, and half of the nurses fought on the side of Elbrus, and the other half - on the side of Beshtau. And the battle lasted for several days and nights, and all the narts died. Elbrus pounded his son for five parts, and the son, causing the last blow, dismembered the father's gray head into two halves. Mashuki came out after the battle on the battlefield and did not see any living soul. She approached his beloved and looked like a dagger in his heart. So the life of the Great and Old People was stopped.
And at this point now the Caucasian Mountains are now towers: the helmet from Beshtau - the Mountain of the Iron, the ring of Mashuki - the Ring Mountain, five vertices - Mount Beshtau, near the mountain Mashuk and far and far away from others - the gray-haired or just snow-free Handsome Elbrus.
Caucasian Mountains - result of convergence of two plates
Let's look at one of the most narrow seats of this grandiose mountain belt. His northern outskirts, in the predfaccise, are placed areas that belong to a solid coil, called Scythian. Next, sub-luminous (ie, stretching around the west to the east) of the Mount of the Grand Caucasus, up to 5 km high), narrow cavocal depressions - Rionian and Kurinskaya lowland - and also sub-luminous, but convex mountain ranges of the Small Caucasus in Georgia, Armenia . Eastern Turkey and West Iran (up to 5 km tall).
The south of the plains of North Arabia, which, as well as the balance of the Westerns, belong to the very strong, monolithic Arabian lithospheric plate.
Therefore, Scythian and Arabian plates - It's like two parts of giant vice, which slowly get closer, crushing everything that is located between them. It is curious that directly against the northern, relatively narrow end of the Arabian Plate, in East Turkey and West Iran, are the highest mountains compared to the mountains located west and east. They take up just in the place where the Arabian stove, as a solid wedge, the most severely squeezed fuel deposits.
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One of the most beautiful resort places of our country is Dombai. The main attractions of this city are its picturesque places. The mousse ridge - Achitar is considered the most picturesque ridge of this part of the Caucasus. In order to evaluate all the beauty surrounding the guests of the resort, you need to climb the mountain slope by cableway. From this place there is a wonderful picturesque view of the tops and glaciers of the Main Range, Teberda and Gonachiri Valley.
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In the North Caucasus, among the Dombiyaya Polyana, several east of the back of the back (small) of Belarusia, a peak called Sufroju was progress. The height of the mountain is 3871 m. Wide depression separates an array into two uniform parts - southern and north. Both vertices are well visible from the Musat Cherry ski. The southern part was called tooth sufroju, which means "Klys Tiger". An array is extended to 3,600 m. And acts as the main attraction of the mountainous dombuy.
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Belalakay - Mountain, located next to the village in Dombay, since the village is the village of the mountain has become a symbol of this village and attracts a lot of tourists. Its height is 3861 meters. Although the height of this mountain is 200 meters lower than that of the highest in Abkhazia, it is no less attraction. For his fame, Belalakai is obliged to quartz. For the most part, the mountain consists of dark breeds of soil and dark granite, however, due to centuries-old geological processes on Mount there are quartz deposits. It was this quartz who created white stripes that decorate the top of this mountain, Belarus white bands are particularly clearly visible at the end of summer. Because of the beauty of local landscapes, Mounts were not mentioned in songs and verses.
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Jugurvutat is a relatively small array, in a large Caucasian Range. In height, the mountain range rose by 3921 meters, it is only 120 meters less than the highest point in the Caucasian ridge. At the highest areas of the mountain range, the herd of tours are found, it was they who gave these mountains the name "Jugurluchat" - which is translated as: "Herd of Tours." Mountain array originates from Dombisk Plateau, however, the most beautiful places Opened from the place called Mousse-Achi-Tara, it is there that most tourists are going.
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Peak Inet is located near the place where the Northern Jugurlutchat glacier originates. The name of the mountain is translated as a "needle", Mountain received its name because of his pointed top, such an ordinary mountain attracts many tourists from all over the world. The top of the peak Ineu all year round is under the snow, and although his sheer cliffs are relatively complex for conquest, the top of the peak INE is a rather popular location in climbers. The height of the "needles" reaches 3455 meters, it is approximately 600 meters below the highest mountain of the Caucasian Waterproof Range. It is best to consider the mountain from the Moussa Achi-Tara Mountain platform, it is 400 meters below the peak of INE, but for it can be reached by the funicular.
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Mountain Ridge Aibga is located on the territory of Sochi national Park, from the east side of the Red Polyana. The ridge has a length of more than 20 kilometers, and consists of four of the highest points, called peaks. The most popular mountain peak among tourists is a black pyramid, 2375 meters high above sea level. It has an unusual form, thanks to which the climbers are extremely popular. In addition, a wonderful, breathtaking landscape opens from the top of the mountain. Conquer this mountain, you will see the Mzmitt River Valley, the tops of Chugushh and Pseashho.
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Achishho mountain range is the most closest to the Red Polyana Ridge and the most picturesque. SAMI high mountain - Achishho has a height of 2391 meters above sea level. Interesting fact About the name of the ridge: "Achishho" in the translation from Abkhaz means "horsepower". This confirms the bottom view, from the glade to the mountain range. If you look at, you can see the outline of the horse. The most popular hiking route It passes through a special place located on the mountainside, approximately at an altitude of 1800 meters above sea level, where from the 30s to the 90s there was a meteorological station.
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Cheget is one of the highest mountains of the Caucasus. Its height reaches about 3770 meters. This is a popular place for tourism among travelers. From the mountain you can enjoy the view of the highest peak of Europe - Elbrus. Another feature of Mount Chegenet is the second line of the cable car, which passes through the zone where the snow is not melting throughout the year.Total there are three queues of the cable car. The height of the first reaches about 1600 meters. It is one of the most popular for tourists who come to Chuget to enjoy the view of Elbrus.
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This mountain after Elbrus is the second most popular among climbers. All because it is also high enough - 4454 meters above sea level.
You can get to the mountain in several ways via a cable car or walk. Tourists who have chosen the first way can take advantage of the Chegte cableway at the final point in which small cafes are located. The second and more complex path that takes several hours - from the Chegte Polyana for the trail already packed by tourists. However, go to the road better with an experienced guide, otherwise there is a chance to get lost in the mountains.
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North Caucasus Plenyith with their beauties and landscapes of many tourists. Located in the east of the Caucasian Range of Semenov-Bashi Mountain, this is not an exception. In fact, it is just a ledge of 3602 m. Above the Earth. Named Mountain was in honor of the Russian researcher P.P. Semenova-Tian-Shansky. This man was a traveler and was the chairman of the Russian geographical society.
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Mount Chotcha is part of the Caucasian ridge that is famous for its picturesque mountains and rocks. Chochcha, in contrast to the rest of the mountains, divided into two parts, as if someone cut the mountain in the middle of two halves. In contrast to the mountains, which near the Mountain is smaller, at first glance it can be seen that the mountain has one base on which there are two rocks. The rock located in the foreground is lower than the rear it has 3637 meters in height, it is 400 meters below the highest mountain of the Caucasian ridge. The second cliff is higher than three meters above the first, it is 3640 meters at sea level.
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Mount Erzog is a list of one of the most visited places of Caucasian ridge. In the foot of the mountain, the Alibek River flows, in addition to the mountain itself, this place has a very beautiful lowland. In the gorge where the river flows down the massive slope is descended, especially beautifully becomes in the spring, when the sun illuminates the slope full of bright green vegetation. Mount Erzog is part of the Teberdinsky ridge, the ridge itself is looking for a nizin with the river and produces a very strong impression on tourists who visited him.
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Mount Sulokhat is located in the Dombi district and is one of the most large points Caucasian waterproof ridge. The height of the mountain is 3439 meters, it is about 600 meters below the most big Mountain In the Caucasian ridge. Mount Sulokhat surrounds many legends, the most popular about the origin of the name of the mountain. In the ancient times, the foot of the mountain settled the tribe of Alanov. In this tribe, a girl named Sulokhat lived, she was unusual beauty And courage and was the daughter of the leader of the tribe.
On our planet there is a beautiful mountain system. It is located on and to be more accurate, then between the two seas - the Caspian and black. Shears the proud name - Caucasian Mountains. It has coordinates: 42 ° 30 'Northern latitude and 45 ° 00' Eastern longitude. The length of the mining system is more than one thousand kilometers. Geographically refers to six countries: Russia and the states of the Caucasus region: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, etc.
It is still clearly not specifically stipulated, which part of the mainland belongs to the Caucasian Mountains. For the title, Elbrus and Mont Blanc are fighting. The latter is in the Alps. Geographical position According to the plan to describe easily. And this article will help this.
Borders
In times Ancient Greece It is the Caucasus and Bosphorus who divided 2 continents. But the world map constantly changed, the peoples migrated. In the Middle Ages, the border was considered the Don River. Much later, in the XVII century, Swedish geographer spent her through the Urals, down the p. Emba to the Caspian Sea. His idea was supported by scientists of the time and Russian king. According to this definition, the mountains relate to Asia. On the other hand, in the Big Encyclopedia, Laroussa is denoted by the border passing to the south of Kazbek and Elbrus. Thus, both mountains are in Europe.
Describe the geographical position of the Caucasian Mountains as much as possible is slightly difficult. Opinion regarding territorial affiliation has changed exclusively for political reasons. Europe was isolated as a special part of the world, tying it with the level of development of civilization. The border between the continents was gradually transferred to the east. She became a movable line.
Some scientists, noting the differences in geological structure The array is offered to carry out the border on the main ridge of the Big Caucasus. And it is not surprising. Mountains it allows. The northern slope will relate to Europe, and South - to Asia. This question is actively discussed by scientists of all six states. Geographers of Azerbaijan and Armenia believe that the Caucasus refers to Asia, and the scientists of Georgia - what to Europe. Many famous authoritative people believe that the entire array belongs to Asia, so Elbrus will not be considered for a long time high point Europe.
Composition of the system
This array consists of 2 mining systems: small and large Caucasus. Often the latter seems like a single ridge, but it is not. And if you study the geographical position of the Caucasian mountains on the map, then you can see that it does not apply to that. Big Caucasus stretches more than a kilometer from Anapa and the Taman Peninsula almost to Baku himself. Conditionally it consists of the following parts: Western, East and Central Caucasus. The first zone extends from the Black Sea to Elbrus, the average - from highest vertices Before Kazbek, the latter - from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea.
Western chains take the beginning of the Taman Peninsula. And first more similar to the hills. However, the farther east, the topics they become higher. The vertices are covered with snow and glaciers. Dagestan Ridges are located in the east of the Big Caucasus. These are complex systems with river valleys forming canyons. About 1.5 thousand square meters. The km of the Great Caucasus is covered with glaciers. Most of them fall on the central area. The Small Caucasus includes nine ridges: Ajaro-Imereti, Karabakh, Bhazhsky and others. The highest of them, located in the middle and eastern part, - Murov-Dag, Pambaki, etc.
Climate
Analyzing the geographical position of the Caucasian Mountains, we see that they are located on the border of two climatic belts - subtropical and moderate. Transcaucasia refers to subtropics. The rest of the territory belongs to the zone of moderate climate. The North Caucasus is a warm region. Summer lives almost 5 months, and in winter there is no less -6 ° C. She is short - 2-3 months. In highland areas, the climate is different. There it is under the influence of the Atlantic and Mediterranean, so the weather is more wet.
Thanks to the complex relief in the Caucasus there are many zones that differ from each other. Such climate allows you to grow citrus, tea, cotton and other exotic cultures that are suitable for the moderate nature of weather conditions. The geographical position of the Caucasian Mountains is largely affected by the formation of the temperature regime in the nearby territories.
Himalayas and Caucasian Mountains
Often at school students are asked to compare the geographical position of the Himalayas and from the similarity only in one: both systems are in Eurasia. But they have many differences:
- Caucasian Mountains are located on the Himalayas only asia.
- The average height of the Caucasian Mountains is 4 thousand m, the Himalayas - 5 thousand m.
- These mountain systems are also in different climatic zones. Himalayas mostly in the subequatorial, smaller in the tropics, and Caucasian - in subtropical and moderate.
As you can see, these two systems are not identical. The geographical position of the Caucasian Mountains and Himalayas in some moments similar, in some - no. But both systems are quite large, beautiful, amazing.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Great Caucasus and the Small Caucasus. The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and the Transcaucasia, the border between which is carried out on the main, or water-seed, the Range of the Grand Caucasus, which occupies the central position in the mountain system. The Big Caucasus extends more than 1,100 km from the North-West to the southeast, from the Anapa district and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, next to Baku. The maximum width of the large Caucasus reaches in the area of \u200b\u200bMeridian Elbrus (up to 180 km). In the axial part there is a main Caucasian (or water-seated) ridge, north of which a number of parallel ridges extend ( mountain chains), including a monoclinal (kousty) character (see Big Caucasus). The southern slope of the Big Caucasus mostly consists of a coolese ridges adjacent to the main Caucasian ridge. Traditionally, the large Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the East Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
The most famous vertices - Elbrus (5642 m) and Kazbek (5033 m) are covered by eternal snow and glaciers. Big Caucasus - region with large modern glaciation. The total number of glaciers is about 2,050, which occupied area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 1,400 km 2. More than half of the glaciation of the Great Caucasus focused on the Central Caucasus (50% of the number and 70% of the glaciation area). The major centers of glaciation are Mount Elbrus and the Benefic Wall (with the Benelli Glacier, 17 km). From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to Kuro-Manic Wpadin extends the predfabcasus with extensive plains and elevations. To the south of the Big Caucasus there are colchis and Kura-Araksinskaya lowland, the in-home-party plain and Alazan-Alazan Valley [Kurinskaya Vpadina, within which Alazan-Author Valley and Kura-Araksinskaya lowland] are located. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus - Talysh Mountains (high to 2477 m) with adjacent Lenkran lowland. In the middle and in the west of the southern part of the Caucasus there is a Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of ridges of the Small Caucasus and Armenian Highlands (Aragats, 4090 m). The Small Caucasus is connected to the Big Caucasus of the Likhsky ridge, in the West, the colchis lowland is separated from him, in the east - Kurinskaya depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m. Mountains near Sochi - Achishho, Aibga, Chigush (Chugush, 3238 m), Pseoashho, etc. (Red Polyana's resort area) - will be accepted by the participants of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
