Learning the Ural Mountains on the map of Russia: complete characteristics and geographical position. What is the highest point of the Ural Mountains? What is her height (in meters)

The Ural Mountains are a mining system located between the West Siberian and Eastern European Plains, and are a kind of border separating Europe from Asia. They were formed by the collision of the African and Eurasian lithospheric plates, as a result of which one of them literally imposed on the other. From the point of view of geologists, these mountains arose in a complex way, since they consist of different ages and type.

The length of more than 2000 km, the Ural Mountains form the Southern, North, Polar, Polar and Middle Urals. Because of this length, they are still in the first mentions of the XI century called the earth's belt. Everywhere there you can see crystal clear mountain streams and rivers, which are poured later into larger reservoirs. Of big rivers There are following: Kama, Ural, White, Chusovaya and Pechora.

Height Ural Mountains does not exceed 1895 meters. So, is the average in terms of level (600-800 m) and the narrowest in the width of the ridge. For this part, pecoped and sharp forms with steep slopes and deep valleys are characteristic. The highest rise (1500 m) has the top of Pai-EP.

The sugar zone is slightly expanding and is considered the highest part of the ridge. Here are the following vertices: People's Mountain (1894 m), which is the highest, Karpinsky (1795 m), saber (1425 m) and many other Urals, the average lifting of which ranges from 1300 to 1400 meters.

They are also characterized by sharp form of relief and large valleys. This part is noteworthy and the fact that there are several glaciers here, the largest of them stretches in length almost 1 km.

In the northern part of the Ural Mountains whose height does not exceed 600 meters, are characterized by smoothed and rounded forms. Some of them, isolated from crystalline rocks, under the influence of rain and wind take funny forms. Closer to the south, they are becoming even lower, and in the middle part they take the form of a gentle arc, where the most significant mark (886 m) takes up the top of Kachkanar. The relief is smoothed here and more plain.

In the southern zone, the Ural Mountains increase markedly, forming many parallel ridges. From higher points it can be noted (1638 m) Yamantau and (1586 m), the rest - just below (big shole, Nurgush et al.).

In the Urals, in addition to the beautiful mountains and the caves there are very picturesque, diverse nature, as well as many other attractions. And so it is so attractive for many tourists. Here you can find routes for people of different levels of training - both for beginners and for lovers of extreme travel. In addition to all other advantages, the Ural Mountains are a storehouse of minerals, which include such: copper, chromium, nickel ores, titanium; placer gold, platinum, silver; deposits of stone coal, gas, oil; Precious Malachite, Diamonds, Yamsha, Crystal, Amethyst, etc.).

As they say, better Gor. There may be only mountains. And this is true, because their indescribable atmosphere, beauty, harmony, greatness and clean air are inspired and charged by positive, energy and vivid impressions for a long time.

Ural Mountains are located in Russia and Kazakhstan and are unique geographical objectseparating the mainland of Eurasia into two parts.

The direction and length of the Ural Mountains.

The length of the Ural mountains is more than 2500 km, they originate from the shoresThe Arctic Ocean and end in the sultry deserts of Kazakhstan. Due to the fact that the Mountains of the Urals cross the territory of Russia from north to south, they pass on five geographical zones. They include expanses of Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Aktobe, Tyumen and Kustanai regions, as well as the territory of the Perm Territory, the Republic of Komi and Bashkortostan.

Minerals of the Ural Mountains.

In the depths of the Urals are hidden unmeasant wealth, known to the whole world. This is both the famous malachite, and stones of gems, colorfully described by the Bazhov in his fairy tales, asbestos, platinum, gold and other minerals.

Nature of the Ural Mountains.

Slanged this edge of its incredible beauty of nature. Here come to look at the amazing mountains, plunge into transparent waters of numerous lakes, go down to the caves or make a rafting on the stormy rivers of the Ural Mountains. You can travel on colorful places as measuring the expanses of the Urals with steps with a backpack behind the shoulders and in comfortable conditions. excursion bus or your car.

Ural Mountains in the Sverdlovsk Region.

The beauty of these mountains is best visible. natural parks and reserves. After hitting the Sverdlovsk region, you must certainly visit the "deer streams". Tourists come here to see the pictures of the cliff surface ancient man, visit the caves and descend into a big failure, surprised by the strength of the river, who pierced the path in the blurred stone. Special trails are laid for visitors to the park, arranged viewing platforms, Rope crossings and seats.

Park "Bazhov places".

Eating in the Urals nature Park "Bazhant places", in the territory of which you can make hiking, riding and cycling. Specially designed routes allow you to inspect the picturesque landscapes, visit the lake Talkov Stone and climb the mountain brands. In winter, here you can travel on snowmobiles, and in the summer descend on mountain rivers on kayaks or kayaks.

Rezhevsky reserve.

Connoisseurs natural beauty Self-auction stones must be visited by the reserve of the Ural Mountains "Rezhevskaya", which includes several unique deposits of diverse, precious and semi-precious stones. Make a journey in places of production is possible only accompanied by an employee of the reserve. On its territory, the River Rem, formed by the merger of the rivers and a large SAP flows. These rivers take their origin in the Ural Mountains. On the right bank of the river, the famous Shaitan stone rises. Local residents They consider it a container of mystical power.

Ural caves.

Extreme tourism lovers will be happy to visit the numerous caves of the Urals. The most famous Kungur Ice and Shulgan-Tash (Capov). Ice cave Kungur extended 5.7 km, although only 1.5 km from them is available for tourists. There are about 50 grots on its territory, more than 60 lakes and many stalactites and stalagmites from ice. It always holds a minus temperature, so it is necessary to dress accordingly for her visiting. To enhance the visual effect, a special backlight is used in the cave.

In the cave Capov, scientists discovered rock paintings with which more than 14 thousand years. In total, about 200 works of the ancient artists were found on her expanses. In addition, you can visit numerous rooms, grots and galleries located on three levels, admire underground lakes, in one of which the inattentive visitor risks swim at the entrance.

Some attractions of the Ural Mountains are better to visit in the winter. One of these places is in National Park Zyuratkul. This is an ice fountain, which has arisen due to geologists, dribbing a well in this place in this place. Now the groundwater fountain beats from it. In winter, it turns into an icicle of a bizarre form, reaching in a height of 14 m.

Thermal sources of the Urals.

It is rich in the Urals and thermal sources, therefore, to go through the healing procedures, there is no need to fly abroad, it is enough to come to Tyumen. Local thermal sources We are rich in microelements, useful for human health, and the water temperature in the source ranges from +36 to +45 0 С, regardless of the time of year. The recreation centers are built on these waters.

Ust-pitch, Perm.

Not far from Perm is located health complex Ust-Kachka, unique in its composition mineral Water. In summer, you can ride on catamarans or boats. In winter, holidaymakers are provided ski highways, ice rollers and slides.

Waterfalls of the Urals.

For the Urals, the waterfalls are not common, the more interesting to visit such a natural miracle. One of them is a Waterfall of Plakun, located on the Right Bank of the Sylava River. Freshwater is lowered from a height of more than 7 m. Locals and visitors consider this source holy and gave him the name Ilinsky.

There is under Yekaterinburg and a man-made waterfall, called the roar of the Water "Crane". Its water falls down from a height of more than 5 m. Hot summer day is nice to stand under his jets, cooling and getting free hydromassage.

In the Perm region is unique place, called a stone city. Such a name was given to him tourists, although among the local population, this miracle of nature is called "damn fortification." Stones in this complex are located in such a way that it creates the illusion of the present city with streets, squares and avenues. By its labyrinths you can walk for hours, and newcomers can even get lost. Each stone has its name given for similarity with some animal. Some tourists climb on the tops of the stones to see the beauty of the green surrounding the city.

Ranges and rocks of the Ural Mountains.

Many cliffs of the Ural Range also have their own names, for example, a bear stone, resembling from afar, sorry the bear, flashed among the green of the trees. Stometer drip climbing climbing is used for their workouts. Unfortunately, it gradually collapses. In the rock, archaeologists discovered the grotto in which there were parking ancient people.

Not far from Yekaterinburg in the Vishimsky Reserve there is a rock outlet. Attentive eye immediately looks like a man's outlines, whose head is covered with a cap. He is called old man stone. If climbing on his top, you can admire the panorama of Nizhny Tagil.

Lake Urals.

Among the numerous lakes of the Ural mountains there is one, not inferior to Baikal. This is a turgoyak lake, fueled by radon sources. In the composition of water, there are almost no mineral salts. Soft water has healing properties. People come here to fix health from all over Russia.

If you appreciate the virgin, untouched civilization the beauty of mountain landscapes, come to the Urals, to the Ural Mountains: This area will definitely give you a part of your amazing atmosphere.

The Ural Mountains formed due to the collision of the Eurasian and African lithospheric plates, for Russia are a unique natural and geographical object. They are the only mountain range crossing the country and separating the state on the European and Asian parts.

In contact with

Geographical location

In which country there are Ural Mountains, any schoolboy knows. This array is a chain that is located between the Eastern European and West Siberian Plains.

It is extended so that divides the largest for 2 continents: Europe and Asia. Starting from the coast of the Arctic Ocean, ends in the Kazakh desert. On it stretched from the south to the north, and the length in some places reaches 2 600 km.

The geographical location of the Mountains of the Urals is almost everywhere parallel to the 60th Meridian.

If you look at the map, you can see the following: the central district is located strictly vertically, the north - turns into the northeast, and the South-South-West. Moreover, in this place the ridge merges with unlimited elevation.

Although the Ural is considered to be the boundary between continents, there is no accurate geological line. Therefore it is believed that they belong to Europe, and the line separating the mainland passes through the Eastern Floor.

Important!The Ural is rich in its natural, historical, cultural and archaeological values.

The structure of the mining system

In the chronicles of the XI century, the Ural mining system is referred to as Earth belt. This name is explained by the length of the ridge. Conditionally she shares on 5 regions:

1. Polar.
2. Polar.
3. North.
4. Middle.
5. South.

Mountain chain partially captures the northern areas of Kazakhstan and 7 Russian regions:

1. Arkhangelsk region.
2. Republic of Komi.
3. Yamalo-Nenets JSC.
4. Perm region.
5. Sverdlovsk region.
6. Chelyabinsk region.
7. Orenburg region.

Attention!The biggest part mountain Ridge Located in the Southern Urals.

Location of the Ural Mountains on the map.

Building and relief

The first mention and description of the Ural Mountains goes from ancient times, but they are formed much earlier. It happened under the interaction of rocks of various configurations and age. In some areas and now saved remains of deep faults and elements of oceanic rocks. The system is formed by almost at the same time with the Altai, but in the future it experienced smaller raising, the result of which became a small "highness" of the vertices.

Attention!The advantage over the High Altai is that there are no earthquakes in the Urals, so it is much safer for living.

Minerals

A long resistance of volcanic structures of wind strength and has become the result of the formation of numerous attractions created by nature. These include caves, grotes, rocks etc. In addition, in the mountains are huge fossil stocksFirst of all, the ore from which the following chemical elements are obtained:

1. Iron.
2. Copper.
3. Nickel.
4. Aluminum.
5. Manganese.

Making a description of the Ural Mountains physical Mail, it can be concluded that most of the development of minerals are carried out in the southern part of the region, or rather Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions. Almost all types of ores are produced here, and not far from Alapaevsk and Nizhny Tagil Sverdlovsk region The emerald, gold and platinum deposit found.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe lower deflection of the Western slope is replete with petroleum and gas wells. Northern part The region is somewhat inferior in the fields, but this is compensated by the precious metals and stones here.

Ural Mountains - leader on mining minerals, black and non-ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry. In addition, the region is in the first place in Russia pollution level.

It should be considered, no matter how profitable is the development of underground subsoil, harm to the surrounding nature is being brought more substantial. Raising rocks from the depths of the mine is carried out by crushing with the emission of a large number of dust particles into the atmosphere.

At the top of the fossils enter the chemical response with the surrounding, the oxidation process is carried out, and the chemical products obtained in this way again enter the air and water.

Attention!The Ural Mountains are known for their deposits of precious, semi-precious stones and noble metals. Unfortunately, they are almost fully developed, so the Ural Gems and Malachite can now be found only in the museum.

The vertices of the Urals

On the topographic map Russia, the Ural Mountains are denoted by light brown color. This means that they do not have large indicators regarding the sea level. Among natural regions You can emphasize the highest area located in the indoor region. The table presents the coordinates of the heights of the Ural mountains and the exact value of the vertices.

The location of the vertices of the Ural Mountains was created in such a way that there are unique sites in each area of \u200b\u200bthe system. Therefore, all listed heights are recognized tourist objects Successfully used by people leading an active lifestyle.

On the map you can see that the polar region is medium in high-altitude and narrow over the length in width.

Located near the parking area has the greatest height, it is characterized by a sharp relief.

Of particular interest arises from the fact that several glaciers are concentrated here, one of which is pulled in length almost 1 000 M..

The height of the Ural Mountains in the Northern Area is insignificant. The exceptions are several vertices towering over the entire ridge. The remaining heights where the vertices are smoothed, and they themselves have a rounded form, do not exceed 700 m above sea level. What is interesting, closer to the south, they become even lower and practically transition to the hills. Relief terrain practically reminds the plain.

Attention!The south of the Ural Mountains map with tops of more than one and a half kilometers again recalls the involvement of the ridge to the huge mining systemseparating Asia from Europe!

Big cities

The physical map of the Ural Mountains with the cities noted on it proves that this area is considered abundant. The exception can only be called polar and indoor Urals. Here several cities - million And a large number of those in which more than 100,000 people live.

The population of the region is explained by the fact that at the beginning of the last century there was an urgent need for minerals. This was the cause of a major resettlement of people to the region where similar developments were carried out. In addition, at the beginning of the 60s - 70s, many young people went to the Urals and to Siberia in the hope of radically change their lives. This has affected the education of new settlements under construction at the site of rock development.

Yekaterinburg

The capital of the Sverdlovsk region with the population 1 428 262 people It is considered the capital of the region. The location of the metropolis is concentrated on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals. The city is the largest cultural, scientific and educational and administrative center. The geographical position of the Ural Mountains is designed in such a way that it is here that the natural way connects Central Russia and Siberia. This has affected the development of infrastructure and the economy of the former Sverdlovsk.

Chelyabinsk

The population of the city, which is where the Ural Mountains, according to a geological map, border Siberia: 1 150 354 people.

It was founded in 1736 on the eastern slope of the southern ridge. And with the advent of the railway communication with Moscow, it became dynamically to develop and transformed one of the largest industrial centers of the country.

Over the past 20 years, the ecology of the region has deteriorated significantly, which caused the outflow of the population.

Nevertheless, today the volume of the local industry is more 35% of the gross municipal product.

Ufa

Capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan with a population 1 105 657 people are considered 31st city in Europe in population. It is located west of the Southern Ural Mountains. The length of the metropolis from the south to the north is more than 50 km, and from East to West - 30. According to its size, the top five Russian cities are included. In the ratio of the number of population and occupied area, about 700 m2 of urban area accounts for each inhabitant.

In addition to million, near the Ural Mountains are located cities with a population of less than specified quantity. First of all, it is necessary to name the capitals of the administrative centers, which include the following: Orenburg - 564,445 people and Perm - 995 589. In addition to them, you can add some other cities:

1. Nizhny Tagil - 355,694.
2. Nizhnevartovsk - 270 865.
3. Surgut - 306 789.
4. Nefteyugansk - 123 567.
5. Magnitogorsk - 408 418.
6. Zlatoust - 174 572.
7. Miass - 151 397.

Important!Information on the number of population is presented as of the end of 2016!

Geology: Ural Mountains

Ural region. Geographical location, main features of nature

Conclusion

Although the height of the Ural Mountain is not large, they are an object of close attention from climbers, tourists and just people leading an active lifestyle. Anyone, even the most sophisticated person can find a hobby here.

Ural Mountains are unique to Russia natural object. Why? It will become clear to everyone who thinks about this issue. First of all, because they are the only mountain chainWhile crossing Russia from the south to the north, while performing the role of the border between the two parts of the world, as well as the large parts of our country - Asian and European.

Features of the relief of the Urals

Any geologist will agree that their structure is characterized by complexity. They include breed of different age and type. In the mountains, you can track the story of many Epoches of the Earth. There are not only depth faults, but also the sections of the oceanic bark. The base of the Ural ridge is a stone belt, a natural border that shares Europe and Asia, Sverdlovsk and Perm regions.
But the high Ural mountains can not be called. Mostly here are low and medium vertices. The highest point is the People's Mountain, located on the Supolar Urals. Its height reaches 1895 meters. But the mountain of Yamantau is the second in height of the Ural point - is located on the southern tip of the ridge.

According to the profile of the mountain remind of depression. In the north and south are the highest peaks, while in the middle part of their height rarely reaches 400-500 meters. Therefore, when intersection of the Middle Urals, only a careful tourist or traveler will notice the mountain.
The beginning of the formation of the Ural Mountains coincides with the Altai. But further fate has developed in different ways. Altai was often experiencing the strongest tectonic shifts. As a result, Belukha is the most high Point Altai - has a height of more than 4.5 kilometers. On the other hand, in the Urals, much safer for life - earthquakes, the stronger, occur here significantly less frequently.

Sights of the Ural Mountains

Mount Manaraga (Bear Lap) is not included in the list of the highest. But, definitely, is the most beautiful. The top of her is a series of sheer peaks, because of what Mora was published really similar to the raised paw of the bear.

The highest point of the Urals is the People's Mountain, the vertex of which is located at an altitude of 1985 meters.

In general, lists all the attractions, what can boast the Urals, quite difficult. Although bringing some of the most interesting will be useful:

• mount Korzhakovsky stone;
• cliffs seven brothers;
• national Parks Zyuratkul and Taganay;
• nattenage reserve stone;
• natural Park Oleni Brooki,
• chusovaya River;
  Mountain clean paintings and caps.

And this is only a small part beautiful seatslocated in the Urals.

Rivers and Lakes of the Ural Mountains

Also, the Urals can boast many beautiful rivers with crystal clean water and rapid flow, dangerous thresholds and picturesque focate. It is no coincidence that the many routes are laid here, as for family holidayand for sports alloys.

On the banks of the rivers there are many beautiful stones and rocks, and the endless taiga will not leave a single lover of nature indifferent.

These rivers have seen a lot and store many secrets to this day.

The Rivers of the Ural Mountains belong to the three seas pools: Caspian, Karis and Barentsva. The total number of rivers flowing here exceeds 5 thousand! Only in the Sverdlovsk region they are about a thousand, and in Perm region - More than two thousand. The approximate annual flow of these rivers exceeds 600 thousand cubic kilometers.

Alas, today many of these rivers suffer from waste discharged by industrial production. Because of this, the relevance of the purification of river waters and the protection is becoming increasingly important.

But the lakes here are a bit, and their size is small. Most. large lake It is Argazi (refers to the Miass River Basin). Its area is slightly more than 100 square kilometers.

Mount People (emphasis on the first syllable) is the highest point of the Ural Mountains. Mountain is almost two thousand meters above sea level located in a hard-to-reach area on the Supolar Urals. The story with the origin of the name of this key Ural landmark is not simple. For the name of the mountain among scientists, serious disputes were boiling among scientists. According to one version, the vertex was open at the eve of the 10th anniversary of the revolution in honor of the Soviet people - folk (with an emphasis on the second syllable).According to another version, it was named according to the foot of the mountain of the river of the people (the emphasis in the title of the vertex of this case falls on the first syllable).

Apparently, the primer of the Mountain - Aleshkov - nevertheless tied it with the people and called the folk, although it was repelled from the name of the river. Professor P.L. Gorchakovsky wrote in his article in 1963: "As the late professor B.N. explained to us at one time. Towns, the name of the Mountain of People's Mountain was produced from the Russian word "people." A.N. Aleshkov believed that with this word he harmonizes the idea of \u200b\u200bthe highest top of the mountainous country; The name occurred from him only by the association with the name of the nations rivers ... " However, it is now officially accepted to put emphasis on the first syllable - folk. This is a contradiction.Meanwhile, scientists found out that the old, the original mansion name of the mountain - Pochurr.

History of the surroundings of the Mountain of the People's Mountain due to the inaccessibility of this area (hundreds of kilometers from settlements) Very poor. The first scientific expedition in these edges visited 1843-45. She was headed by the Hungarian researcher Antal Magnify. Here ghostly studied the life and language of Mansi, their legends and beliefs. It was Antal, the kinship of the Hungarian, Finnish, Mansiysk and Khanty Languages \u200b\u200bproved for the first time! Then in 1847-50, a comprehensive geographical expedition was worked in these mountains under the guidance of geologists E.K. Hoffman.The People's Mountain itself was first studied and described only in 1927. In this summer, the Ural Mountains studied the North-Ural Expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and Uralplan under the direction of Professor B.N. Gorodkov. The expedition consisted of several detachments.

It is curious that before this expedition it was believed that the highest point of the Ural Mountains - Mount Telposis (also claimed the championship in the height of Mount Sable). But the detachment of Geology-Aspirant A.N. Aleshkova during the expedition of 1927 proved that the most high mountains Urals are in the indoor part. It was Aleshkov who assigned the name of the People's name and for the first time in history, measured her height, which he determined 1870 meters. Later, more accurate measurements showed that Aleshkov slightly "lowered" the height of the mountain. It is currently known that its height is 1895 meters above sea level. Nowhere, the Ural does not reach big heights, as on this mountain folk.

Popular tourist route The People's Mountain and its surroundings became only from the late 1950s to 1960s. At the same time, the appearance of the main top of the Ural Mountains began to change. There were signs, memorable signs began to appear, and even appeared ... Bust Lenin. Also among tourists passed the custom to leave on top of the mountain note. In 1998, the Poklonnaya Cross with the inscription "Save and Save" was installed here. A year later, the Orthodox went even further - they organized a procession to the highest point of the Urals.

Mount People is surrounded by peaks, named after the geologists of Karpinsky and Didkovsky. Among the truly grandiose mountains of this part of the Urals, the People's Mountain stands out except that height and dark rock. On the slopes of the mountain a lot of row - natural cup-shaped recesses filled with clear transparent water and ice. There are glaciers and snowballs here. The mountain slopes are covered with large stone blocks.

The relief in this part of the Urals is mountainous, with sheer slopes, deep gorges. In order not to get injuries to be very careful. Especially before housing is very far away.

You can climb the highest point of the Ural Mountains on the ridge from the West, but the rocky steers and punches complicate the rise. The easiest way to make climbing from the north - along the sorts of the mountain. The eastern slope of the mountains of the people, on the contrary, breaks down with sheer walls and gorges.

Climbing equipment for climbing the highest point of the Ural Mountain is not required. Nevertheless, to make a hike to this wild and mountainous terrain, it is worth having a good fitness, and with insufficient tourist experience it is better to use the services of an experienced conductor. Consider that the climate on the sugar urals is severe. Even in the summer there is cold and changeable weather.The most favorable time for hiking - from July to mid-August. Going around the week. There is no housing here and you can only spend the night in tents.Geographically, the People's Mountain refers to the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District.Relatively close to the folk is less high, but very beautiful Mount Manaraga.